News Release

肠道微生物如何影响癌症病人对免疫疗法的反应

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Unveiling Gut Microbes' Influence on Cancer Patient Response to Immunotherapy

image: The group performed fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) studies from responding patients on PD-1 blockade (R) or from non-responding patients (NR). In these studies, mice receiving FMT from R had enhanced systemic and anti-tumor immunity, with more immune cells in the tumor and in the gut of the transplanted animals. Conversely, mice receiving FMT from NR had poor anti-tumor immunity and a paucity of immune cells in the gut. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the 2 November 2017, online issue of <i>Science</i>, published by AAAS. The paper, by V. Gopalakrishnan at University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX, and colleagues was titled, "Gut microbiome impacts response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients." view more 

Credit: Dr. Luigi Nezi

两则新的研究展示了肠道的细菌组成如何影响癌症病人对免疫疗法的反应。在第一个研究中,Bertrand Routy和同事对抗生素如何影响接受PD-1抑制剂的肺癌或肾癌患者的治疗结果进行了探索,PD-1抑制剂是一种能激活免疫系统攻击肿瘤的治疗制剂。服用抗生素(例如,用其治疗尿路或牙齿感染)的这些肿瘤病人的存活率要低于那些不用抗生素者。对病人肠道菌群所做的分析显示,一种名叫Akkermansia muciniphila的细菌的丰度与最佳的临床治疗结果相关。在对治疗显示出部反应或维持疾病稳定的患者中,该菌的检出率分别为69%和58%,但在对治疗没有反应的患者中,该菌的检出率仅为34%。作者们报告,在接受抗生素治疗的小鼠中,口服补充该菌制剂可增强小鼠的治疗功效,增加它们对治疗的反应。

在另一则研究中,Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan等人报告,那些对相同的PD-1抑制剂有着较好反应的黑色素瘤病人的肠道菌群有着较大的多样性及某些细菌的较大丰度。他们收集并分析了112名接受PD-1抑制剂治疗的晚期黑色素瘤病人的肠道微生物组样本。那些肠道微生物组中富含Faecalibacterium和Clostridiales细菌的病人更可能会对治疗有反应,或他们的疾病无进展的存活时间会较长,而那些微生物组中含有更多拟杆菌目细菌的病人则会呈现相反的结果。对患者免疫反应所做的分析显示,那些肠道微生物组中含有有益细菌的人往往会有更多的免疫细胞,而后者可能更容易渗入肿瘤并杀死它们。据作者报告,将病人体内的这些有益细菌移植到无菌小鼠体内并监测小鼠对PD-1抑制剂的反应后发现,其所产生的的结果与在人体中所见的结果相似。

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