News Release

少数人团体需要达到什么占比才具影响力?

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

At What Size Does a Minority Group Become Influential? (1 of 1)

video: Professor Damon Centola of the University of Pennsylvania explains how a small, committed group of activists can change the social norms for a large population. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the 8 June 2018 issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by D. Centola at University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pa., and colleagues was titled, "Experimental evidence for tipping points in social convention." view more 

Credit: Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania

当人群中仅有少数人持有某种观点时,该少数需要达到什么关键数目才会到达临界点,即那种观点被人群中的其他人广为接受。有些推理研究估计,达到这种临界点的关键占比可低至10%,但观测研究则报告,它可高达40%。为了更好地探索这一现象,Centola和同事开展了一系列对照实验;在这些实验中,他们招募了近200位线上志愿者并将他们分成不同的小组。在每一组中,组员被随机配对,并分派其对某图片对象(即某张脸孔)同时指派名称。如果他们相互协作并同时给某目标指派相同的名称,他们会得到奖励。这些互动很快导致了整个小组内的相互协作。一旦在所有实验参与者中形成常规,研究人员此时会在每一组内引进了少数的成员(被称作“坚定的少数”),后者会尝试通过推进一种新型的替代选择来推翻已建立的常规。在所有的小组中,引进的坚定少数派人数需要达到15-35%(中位阈值为25%)才能实现改变。在一系列的其它试验中,作者发现,如果少数派人数低于25%,他们仅能影响小组中平均6%的其他人;然而,当少数派规模大于25%这一阈值时,他们便能说服小组中72-100%的其余人采纳新的替代选择。

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