News Release

免疫细胞可通过触发真菌孢子自杀而中止真菌感染

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Immune Cells Halt Fungal Infection by Triggering Spore Suicide

video: Video depicting host induction of fungal programmed cell death and its role in lung immunity against ubiquitous inhaled fungal spores. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Sept. 8, 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by N. Shlezinger at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, NY, and colleagues was titled, "Sterilizing immunity in the lung relies on targeting fungal apoptosis-like programmed cell death." view more 

Credit: Generated by Terry Helms, Medical Illustrator, Department of Communications, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

科学家发现,为了保护机体免于感染,肺部的免疫细胞会利用吸入的真菌性病原体的细胞死亡程序,这可帮助解释为什么大多数人在吸入霉菌孢子时不会受到伤害,它可能为那些确实被感染的人提供新的治疗策略。人类每天吸入的霉菌孢子数在1000至1010个之间。为了防止有害的真菌感染,嗜中性粒细胞和其它会“吞噬”细胞体的免疫细胞可帮助将吸入的霉菌孢子从肺部清除。然而,那些免疫系统已被结核病、自身免疫性疾病、AIDS或化疗(仅举数例)削弱的人会更容易地因为接触霉菌而得病。为了给这些人研发有效的治疗方法,需要对抗真菌免疫有更清楚的了解。Neta Shlezinger和同事在小鼠中就肺部的免疫细胞如何对抗烟曲霉进行了研究;烟曲霉是全球最常见的真菌性肺炎的病原体。他们发现,肺部的嗜中性粒细胞会吞噬真菌孢子并接着激发真菌本身的“程序性细胞死亡”通路,从而阻止真菌萌发(fungal germination)及侵入宿主。重要的是,作者还发现了一种烟曲霉蛋白——AfBIR1,它相当于真菌中的人类存活素蛋白,它已知能抑制细胞死亡、延长肿瘤生长、抵御细胞死亡;接触过度表达AfBIR1真菌孢子的小鼠很容易发生致命性真菌感染。用药物抑制编码AfBIR1的BIR1可增加真菌细胞死亡及感染气道的清理,表明阻断AfBIR1或是一种治疗侵袭性曲霉病的可行方法。

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