News Release

可解除渴感的神经元

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

The Neurons that Will Quench Your Thirst

image: Genetic targeting of thirst-association neurons in the Median Preoptic (MnPO) nucleus of the hypothalamus following water deprivation. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Sept. 15, 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by W.E. Allen at Stanford University in Stanford, Calif., and colleagues was titled, "Thirst-associated preoptic neurons encode an aversive motivational drive." view more 

Credit: William E. Allen, Liqun Luo

科学家在小鼠体内确认了一个神经元亚组,这些神经元会驱动机体的一个关键性的本能:口渴。当小鼠摄取较多的水时,这些神经元的活性会降低,表明它们会对原始情感产生直接的作用。先前的研究表明,脑内某个特定区域——内侧视前核(MnPO)会促成口渴的感觉,然而,确切的基础机制是什么则大体上一直未知。为了更好地了解该机制,William E. Allen等对小鼠MnPO内的RNA表达进行了分析(这些小鼠被剥夺喝水达48小时),他们发现了一群令其感兴趣的兴奋性神经元。当研究人员用光遗传学抑制这些神经元时,小鼠会减少它们的喝水量;相反,用光激活喝足水的小鼠的该群神经元时则会促使它们增加其喝水量。在那些经训练后会通过按压杠杆获得水的小鼠中,其按压杠杆的次数与其神经元活动性的随时间而下降关联,表明MnPO神经元活性看来会对水的摄取进行调整。值得注意的是,当让小鼠有机会通过按压杠杆而关闭MnPO神经元的光激活时,这些小鼠会用力地按压杠杆以结束讨厌的口渴感觉。他们说,研究人员还发现了这些MnPO渴感神经元与各个脑区相连的途径,它们能将口渴驱动力转变为特别的以目标为导向的行动。由Claire Gizowski 和 Charles W. Bourque撰写的《视角》更为详细地讨论了这些发现。

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