image: Levulinic acid (4-oxo-pentanoic acid) is a clean intermediary chemical that can be used to create a number of other chemicals. The acid was created from paper mill sludge. BioFine, Inc., is producing levulinic acid at its demonstration plant in South Glens Falls, New York. Pacific Northwest is developing a process to turn levulinic acid into automotive fuel. view more
Credit: Courtesy of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.