News Release

DNA架构影响基因组编辑效率

Peer-Reviewed Publication

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Illustration of Cas9 binding to DNA

image: Illustration of Cas9 binding to DNA. The top figure shows two nucleosomes surrounding a nucleosome-free stretch of DNA. Hypothetical PAM sites for Cas9 targets in the central region and the right-hand nucleosome are shown in red. The lower figure shows Cas9 (with sgRNA) bound to the central target, with the PAM and flanking DNA held deep in the protein cleft. The PAM in the nucleosome could not be accessed without dissociating the DNA from the histone core. DNA backbones are blue; the RNA backbone is teal; DNA and RNA bases are white, except for the PAM; histones are green; Cas9 is purple. view more 

Credit: Image courtesy of Janet Iwasa (University of Utah, Salt Lake City).

科研人员报告说,酵母细胞的证据表明,核小体抑制了基因组编辑酶CRISPR-Cas9的结合与分离。此前的研究已经揭示出了来自酿脓链球菌( Streptococcus pyogenes )的常用的基因组编辑酶Cas9回避了组装成核小体的目标DNA序列,在这种核小体结构中,DNA在蛋白质卷轴上缠绕从而供打包为染色体。然而,尚不清楚核小体是否在活细胞中抑制了Cas9的结合与目标DNA的分离。Dana Carroll 及其同事使用实时分析技术报告说,当目标位于核小体耗尽的位置而非核小体约束的位置的时候,Cas9在酵母基因组的两个基因调控片段HO和PHO5启动子分离目标DNA序列的效率更高。通过插入一种核小体取代蛋白质的结合位点从而实验性地清除了核小体,这样就把Cas9的目标结合与分离恢复到了可以与天然的核小体耗尽位点相比的水平。相反,通过HO基因座上的一个基因开关的结合位点的突变从而增加核小体的占据,减少了Cas9的分离,这提示核小体抑制了Cas9的分离。相比之下,另一种常用的基因组编辑工具锌指核酸酶看上去在很大程度上对目标位点核小体的存在无动于衷。因此,这组作者提出,核小体位置图可能有助于改善一些应用的基因组编辑效率,这包括致力于编辑非分裂细胞的人体疗法,在这些情况下,核小体位置相对固定,以及Cas9可能需要筛选核小体从而在不分离它们的情况下编辑目标序列的碱基编辑方法。

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