The content of the book “Philosophy of Science and Principles in Medicine” guides to fill in the philosophical aspects of science, which are missing from many medical schools around the world. Etymological and epistemological concepts of informative knowledge are hidden in concepts, words, sentences, definitions, terms, terminology and existing scientific structures. The available knowledge is in and physicians in concise, short, easy and meaningful ways. Any professional knowledge develops over time, including more refined scientific terminology that is significantly relevant to the subject. Before applying the principles of logical, a separate chapter is devoted to the definition of knowledge in the light of philosophy in the field of medicine. It deals with general philosophy, ontology, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics and aesthetics. However, the philosophy of science, which includes medical research, takes more into account epistemology, ethics and aesthetics.
The book “Philosophy of Science and Principles in Medicine” contains linguistic explanations based mostly on modern fuzzy logic, avoiding before Christ era examples of limitations until about the 18th century, when the distinction between them began. It is quite unfortunate that for almost two hundred years medicine remained without much philosophy and philosophy of science. Today, in almost all countries, medical education is not based on philosophical and logical foundations, but on the traditional form of education. There are, of course, exceptions for some medical professionals who care about the philosophical aspects of medicine and who, in the light of experimental and logical principles, arrive at innovative definitive conclusions better than previous alternatives. Among the originality of this book is that the mutual communication between the patient and doctor is implemented in the dimensions of body, mind and spirit, supported by spiritual, traditional and cultural methods, allowing the patient to feel complete peace and relaxation at the first meeting. It has been shown that the communication between the specialist and patient is provided by sentences with fuzzy content, which must be defuzzified as much as possible for a reasonable diagnosis by the doctor. It is also emphasized that traditional medical education’s knowledge of spoon feeding can provide mechanical, memorable and transformative forms that can be useful in practical doctoral affairs.
The topics in this book encourage people to follow the principles of science, philosophy, logic and rational thinking, even after graduation, to determine the most appropriate treatment for the patient based on criticism of previous treatment. Fuzzy logic implies verbal ambiguity and the fuzzy logic modeling fundamentals are also presented for application of a medical case. On the other hand, numerical uncertainty methodologies in the form of probability and statistics are explained in detail and some mathematical expressions are derived by classifications. If measurements are available, it is possible to diagnosis with more meaningful interpretations by converting this set of numbers into graphical forms that provide visual inspections and enable the physician to make more meaningful diagnoses. Finally, various models in medicine have been presented with engineering applications, which are the preliminary stages of biomedical engineering. The possibilities of collaboration of medical professionals with engineering experts are presented as live examples for the manufacture of medical diagnosis devices.
About the author:
Dr. Zekai Sen completed M. Sc from Technical University of İstanbul, Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Reinforced Concrete in 1971. His post-graduate studies were carried out at the University of London, Imperial College of Science and Technology. He received a Diploma of Imperial College (D.I.C) and M. Sc. in Engineering Hydrology in 1972 and Ph. D. in stochastic hydrology in 1974. He worked in different countries including England, Norway, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. His interests are hydrology, water resources, hydrogeology, hydrometeorology, hydraulics, science philosophy and history. He has published numerous (Science Citation Indexed) SCI scientific papers in different internationally top journals on various topics. He is a staff member at the Istanbul Medipol University and lectures “Philosophy of Science and Medicine” lectures at International School of Medicine. He has written many books in Turkish and English. He supervised national and international students for M. Sc. and Ph. D. degrees.
Keywords:
Philosophy, Wisdom in medicine, Science, Uncertainty, Medicine, Standardization trap, Crisp logic, Deduction, Fuzzy logic in medicine, Numerical and graphical diagnosis, Language, Medicine and probability, Diagnosis, Injection models, Treatment, Dialysis models, Medical history, Human engineering,Approximate reasoning, Epidemic disease models.
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