Towards the realization of chiral spin liquids and non-Abelian anyons in quantum simulators

Chiral spin liquids are one of the most fascinating phases of matter ever imagined by physicists. These exotic liquids exhibit quasi-particles known as non-Abelian anyons that are neither bosons nor fermions, and whose manipulation could allow for the realization of a universal quantum computer. Despite intense efforts in condensed matter physics, discovering such a phase in nature remains an outstanding challenge at the forefront of modern research. 

From a theoretical point of view, chiral spin liquids emerge in a simple model that was imagined by Kitaev in 2006, and which allows to reveal their properties using analytical tools. Remarkably, recent advances in the design of quantum simulators open a possible path for the first experimental realization of the original Kitaev model, hence suggesting that chiral spin liquids (including their exotic quasi-particles) can be studied and manipulated in a highly-controlled experimental environment.

In a new study published in PRX Quantum, BoYe Sun and Nathan Goldman (ULB, Brussels), Monika Aidelsburger (LMU, Munich), and Marin Bukov (MPI-PKS Dresden, Sofia University) propose a realistic implementation of the Kitaev model in quantum simulators. Based on a precise pulse sequence, their system is shown to host a chiral spin liquid  with non-Abelian anyons. The authors describe practical methods to probe the striking properties of these exotic states. In particular, their methods  unambiguously reveal the topological heat current that flows on the edge of the system: a hallmark signature of the non-Abelian anyons that emerge on the edge of chiral spin liquids.

This work paves the way for the quantum simulation of chiral spin liquids, offering an appealing alternative to their experimental investigation in quantum materials. 

This international collaboration was supported by the FRS-FNRS (Belgium), the EOS program (CHEQS project), the ERC (TopoCold and LATIS projects), by the German Research Foundation (DFG) via Research Unit FOR 2414 under project number 277974659 and under Germany's Excellence Strategy -- EXC-2111-390814868, by the European Research Executive Agency via the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 890711, and by the China Scholarship Council and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12204399).