Immune checkpoints (ICs) are receptors that regulate immune responses through both activating and inhibitory mechanisms. Inflammatory microenvironment modulates IC expression through cytokines, metabolites, and oxidative signals. Immune checkpoint inhibitors not only enhance antitumor immunity but also reshape systemic immune networks. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which ICs regulate inflammatory responses and highlights their roles across diverse pathological conditions.

A bibliometric analysis of Chinese literature traces how seismic risk management research in China has evolved from historical disaster relief studies to modern themes such as emergency management, earthquake vulnerability, disaster risk management, collaborative governance, and seismic resilience. The study highlights changing research priorities and points to future directions for strengthening resilience-oriented earthquake disaster management.

Deleting the zinc transporter ZIP9 from the mouse hippocampus causes premature death, memory loss, neuroinflammation, and synapse damage. The study links ZIP9, which is a membrane androgen receptor, to brain aging and cognitive function through disrupted gut microbiota and lipid remodeling. Findings reveal that ZIP9 expression declines in naturally aging mice, and hippocampal deletion studies indicates that ZIP9 loss disrupts brain-gut-lipid homeostasis, ultimately leading to accelerated brain aging and premature mortality.

Immune checkpoints (ICs) are receptors that regulate immune responses through both activating and inhibitory mechanisms. Inflammatory microenvironment modulates IC expression through cytokines, metabolites, and oxidative signals. Immune checkpoint inhibitors not only enhance antitumor immunity but also reshape systemic immune networks. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which ICs regulate inflammatory responses and highlights their roles across diverse pathological conditions.

On 28 March 2025, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck near Mandalay, Myanmar, killing over 5,400 people. Satellite data revealed a 500-km rupture along the Sagaing Fault, with maximum surface slip of 4.6 meters. The earthquake showed no shallow slip deficit and part of it traveled at supershear speed. Large-magnitude earthquakes (Mw＞7) on the segments that ruptured in this event may recur every 104–131 years, while the northern segment may have a shorter one.