News from Science China Press

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients disproportionately suffer from depression and anxiety, which exacerbate clinical outcomes yet remain inadequately addressed by current anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologics. To bridge this therapeutic gap, we engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (eEcN) as a clinically translatable living microbial therapeutics platform for dual-targeted intervention. eEcN is designed to autonomously secrete immunomodulatory outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) bearing TNFα-neutralizing nanobodies (TNFαnb). These bioengineered nanovesicles specifically target inflamed colon tissue, enabling localized TNFα blockade, mucosal healing, and immune regulation. Concurrently, the eEcN remodels the gut microbiota, increasing symbiotic Lactobacillus abundance to elevate intestinal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, addressing a core neurotransmitter deficit in IBD-associated depression. In murine colitis models, this integrated strategy surpassed conventional anti-TNF therapy, simultaneously ameliorating intestinal pathology and depression-like behaviors. Mechanistically, eEcN attenuated neuroinflammation and restored hippocampal GABAergic neurotransmission via the gut-brain axis. This engineered living biomaterial platform, synergizing targeted OMVs-mediated nanobody delivery with microbiota-driven neurometabolite production, represents a promising approach for the complex pathophysiology of IBD and its neuropsychiatric comorbidities.

Researchers have developed a germanium photodetector (Ge PD) that combines 110 GHz bandwidth, 95.3% quantum efficiency, 1.01 A/W responsivity and sub-10 nA dark current on a 300-mm CMOS silicon photonics platform. The device produced open eye diagrams at 320 Gbit/s with PAM-4 and 413 Gbit/s with PAM-6, supporting its potential for future 400-Gbps-per-wavelength optical interconnects.

Even a local mRNA injection can produce unwanted expression in the liver. Researchers have redesigned the lipid nanoparticles that carry mRNA to reduce this spillover in mice while preserving expression in injected muscle. The formulation also supports repeated dosing and improves the confinement of expression after local brain and eye delivery.

Umbilical cord blood is more than a source of stem cells for transplantation. A review in Science China Life Sciences examines how its diverse cells and bioactive components are being explored for cancer immunotherapy, inherited disorders and tissue repair. The authors connect these opportunities with advances in cell expansion, gene engineering and manufacturing, while identifying barriers to clinical translation. They emphasize that many emerging applications still require further evidence of safety, effectiveness and durable benefit.

A recent study published in National Science Review has revealed silicate magma can store far more oxygen than its chemically allows. In high-pressure experiments, silicate melt can store up to about 5 wt.% excess oxygen, which is released as the magma rising. The findings suggest that oxygen-rich magmas could carry oxidizing power from Earth’s interior toward the surface, and may explain links between large-scale magmatism episodes and atmospheric oxidation in Earth’s history.

Immune maturation after weaning has long been considered a one-time developmental milestone. By profiling 120,649 immune cells from 10 tissues of germ-free and microbiota-colonized mice from weaning to adulthood, researchers show that microbial signals are needed continuously: they maintain antigen-processing capacity in myeloid cells and relieve PDCD4-mediated translational repression in lymphocytes. Restoring the microbiota reversed the immune suppression, indicating that immune competence is a maintained state rather than a fixed endpoint.

A nationwide ChinaHEART cohort of 4,258,033 adults found that no single obesity measure provided consistently strong discrimination across all major chronic diseases. Relatively higher discrimination was observed for the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) in cardiovascular disease, the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) in diabetes, and the a body shape index (ABSI) in COPD, while discrimination for cancer was generally limited. All measures showed limited discrimination for cancer, supporting disease- and population-specific risk assessment beyond BMI.