3D shape measurement captures surface geometry to support industrial dimensional inspection, robotic vision, digital modeling, and dynamic-process analysis. As measurement tasks extend from static surfaces to continuously moving or rapidly deforming objects, maintaining reconstruction accuracy while shortening acquisition time has become an important challenge in optical 3D metrology. Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) encodes surface-height information into the phase of projected fringe patterns and enables non-contact, full-field 3D reconstruction through system calibration. Conventional high-accuracy approaches, however, generally require multiple phase-shifted and auxiliary coding images. Object motion during acquisition can disrupt inter-frame correspondence, introducing phase errors and reconstruction artifacts. Single-shot measurement avoids combining coding images acquired at different times, offering an important route to dynamic shape acquisition. It nevertheless requires both accurate phase demodulation and reliable phase unwrapping from the same fringe image. Jointly designing structured-light encoding and phase retrieval to achieve high measurement accuracy and reliable fringe-order determination within a single exposure is therefore central to advancing single-shot dynamic 3D metrology.
