Advancements in HIV/AIDS research, drug development and clinical practice since the 1980s have made it possible for people living with HIV to lead long, productive lives and keep the virus in check at undetectable levels and nontransmissible as long as therapy is maintained. However, a cure ― completely ridding the body of the virus — has only been documented in a handful of patients who underwent complex and high-risk bone marrow transplants for life-threatening blood cancers such as leukemia or lymphoma.

Following brain injury, mice show sex differences in how their surviving cells compensate to promote recovery.

"It's been known for decades that cancer can flatten healthy day-night stress hormone rhythms,” says CSHL’s Jeremy Borniger. “What causes that?” In mice, Borniger’s lab found that breast cancer disrupts the brain-body feedback loop that regulates these rhythms. Stimulating key neurons in the hypothalamus at certain times restored healthy function, pushing anti-cancer immune cells into tumors and shrinking them significantly.