In a study led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, scientists synthesized a stack of atomically thin monolayers of two lattice-mismatched semiconductors. Where the two semiconductor layers met, they formed an atomically sharp heterostructure, which generated a photovoltaic response by separating electron-hole pairs that were generated by light. The achievement of creating this atomically thin solar cell shows the promise of synthesizing mismatched layers to enable new families of functional two-dimensional materials.