③ Observational constraint on the future change in global surface air temperature. (IMAGE)
Caption
The time series of emission-driven temperature change (°C) plotted against cumulative carbon emissions (GtC) for each model (different colors). The black lines indicate the mean and teal shadings indicate the 5–95% constrained range. The black dashed horizontal lines indicate 2 °C warming, relative to 1850–1899 levels. The figure is adapted from Figure 2 of Melnikova et al. (2025).
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NIES
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