Figure 3 | Typical polarimetric modulation analysis technologies. (IMAGE)
Caption
Figure 3 | Typical polarimetric modulation analysis technologies. a, A simple polarimeter with orthogonal polarizers for qualitative or quantitative birefringence observation. b, A polarization camera based system for spatially resolved birefringence measurement. c, A waveplate-modulated birefringence measurement system. d, A vortex waveplate based system for measuring phase retardance and fast-axis orientation. e, An electro-optic modulator based system for dynamic polarization modulation and birefringence retrieval. f, A magneto-optic modulator based system for high-stability polarization modulation. g, A photoelastic modulator based system for high-frequency and high-precision birefringence measurement. The main optical components include polarization state generator (PSG), polarization state analyzer (PSA), sample (S), polarizer (P), quarter-wave plate (QWP), vortex waveplate (VWP), electro-optic modulator (EOM), photoelastic modulator (PEM), magneto-optic modulator (MOM), beam splitter (BS), photodiode (PD), charge-coupled-device camera (CCD), polarization camera (PolCam), and white-light source (WLS).
Credit
Yidong Tan et al.
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