Diagram of gene transcription (IMAGE) Princeton University Caption This diagram shows how tethering elements and insulators work together to ensure proper gene activity, or transcription. Gene 1 is activated by a regulatory element (“enhancer”) located a large distance away from it, on the far side of gene 2. Tethering elements bring together gene 1 and its enhancer by forming a loop, facilitating the activation of the gene at the appropriate time. Meanwhile, insulators form a barrier between gene 1 and gene 2, precluding their respective sets of regulatory elements from interfering with one another. Together, these two mechanisms ensure the efficiency and specificity of long-range transcriptional regulation. Credit Philippe Batut, Princeton University Usage Restrictions None. License Original content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.