News Release

“好奇号”探测车揭示火星会以季节性周期来发掘甲烷,它还检测到了远古有机物质

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Mars Exhumes Methane on a Seasonal Cycle, Curiosity Reveals; Rover Also Detects Ancient Organic Matter (1 of 1)

image: This illustration shows the ways in which methane from the subsurface might find its way to the surface where its uptake and release could produce a large seasonal variation in the atmosphere as observed by Curiosity. Potential methane sources include methanogenesis, UV degradation of organics, or water-rock chemistry; and its losses include atmospheric photochemistry and surface reactions. Seasons refer to the northern hemisphere. The plotted data is from Curiosity's TLSSAM instrument, and the curved line through the data is to aid the eye. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the date, issue of <i>Science</i>, published by AAAS. The paper, by C.R. Webster at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, CA, and colleagues was titled, "Background levels of methane in Mars' atmosphere show strong seasonal variations." view more 

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

两项新的研究描述了来自“好奇号”探测车的新数据,它们揭示了火星大气和土壤中含碳分子的令人着迷的内幕。在第一项研究中,Christopher Webster等人详细描述了对火星大气甲烷的现场测量,它们显示了其丰度有季节性变化。人们先前曾经在火星大气中检测到少量甲烷,但其来源一直是争议很大的话题。地球上的甲烷大多产自生物性来源,但人们提出众多非生物性的过程来解释火星上的甲烷是如何生成的。研究人员在此分析了相当于3个火星年(55个地球月)的火星大气监测数据,它们是由“好奇号”探测车采集的。这些数据显示,红色行星上的背景甲烷浓度具有很强的季节性周期变化,其范围在十亿分之0.24到0.65,其浓度峰值出现在其北半球的近夏季末(相当于南半球的冬季末)。作者排除了众多可能的甲烷来源,他们最终提出,大量的甲烷气体可能储藏在寒冷的火星表面之下的被称作笼形化合物的水基晶体中。他们提出,火星上的季节性温度变化会引起探测车所观察到的甲烷释出的波动。

在另一则研究中,Jennifer L. Eigenbrode和同事对由“好奇号”探测车钻探所得的土壤样本进行了分析,其结果显示了若干不同的有机化合物。某些有机化合物先前曾经在盖尔陨石坑的Sheepbed泥岩处被发现。研究人员在此对盖尔陨石坑内两处的新样品进行了分析;这两个地方是 Mojave Hills 和 Confidence Hills,那里的泥岩大约有30亿年之久。装载于“好奇号”探测车上的工具对新样品进行了抽取及加热,对其释出的分子进行了分析。数据显示,这些样品中存在着几种有机分子和挥发物,它们令人想起在地球上发现的富含有机物的沉积岩,这些有机物包括:噻吩、2-和3-甲基噻吩、甲硫醇及二甲基硫醚。作者指出,由于在此分析的许多分子仅存在单碳侧链的差异,因此它们可能是来自更大分子的碎片。确实,将这些样品与火星陨石中的痕量有机物进行比较后也表明,前者源自更大的有机分子。盖尔陨石坑样品中所保留的硫含量格外高;作者因此提出,这对有机物的保存有帮助。Inge Loes ten Kate在一则《视角》中重点介绍了这两则研究的意义。

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