News Release

利用CRISPR来快速检测病毒和细菌感染

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Harnessing CRISPR for Rapid Detection of Viral and Bacterial Infection

video: Broad Institute member Jim Collins explains what SHERLOCK is. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the April 14, 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by J.S. Gootenberg at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard in Cambridge, Mass., and colleagues was titled, "Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2." view more 

Credit: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard

研究人员创制了一个CRISPR-Cas版本,它能以高度的敏感性来诊断诸如兹卡病毒感染和登革热感染。这一进展也有助于便捷检测和诊断许多其它的病原体。尽管有其它方法来检测基因序列,但这些方法在诸如敏感性、特异性、简易性、成本和检测速度等方面都会有折扣。为了寻找更有效的基因序列检测方法,张锋、Jonathan S. Gootenberg和其他同事将注意力转向以RNA为标靶的CRISPR-Cas系统。与标靶RNA结合会激活这一特别的Cas酶,使其能随意地切割其附近的RNA。他们通过纳入一个报告RNA来利用这一点,该报告RNA在被切割时会释放出荧光信号;他们还用一种叫做重组酶聚合酶扩增的技术来进一步地增强其敏感性。这一组合产生了一个新的系统,该研究团队将其称为SHERLOCK(Specific High Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter UnLOCKing);SHERLOCK可检测血清、尿液和唾液中相当低下的兹卡病毒滴度。作者显示,SHERLOCK还可被用来检测病毒载量。他们接着发现,该技术还能有效地区别不同的菌株,甚至能分别有着不同耐药突变的肺炎菌株。最后,作者证明,SHERLOCK可被用来检测不同的癌症突变。作者说,SHERLOCK测试可在区区几天内被重新设计与合成,而其成本低至$0.61/测试;他们指出,该系统的高敏感性为快速、强效且敏感地检测生物分子开辟了新的途径。

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