News Release

熊蜂能通过观察其他熊蜂来学习如何使用工具

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Bees Can Learn to Use a Tool by Observing Others

video: As part of a training session, a fake, plastic bee is used to demonstrate to a real bee how to move a ball to the center of a ring. Once the ball is in the center of the ring, the bees are rewarded with a sucrose solution. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Feb. 24, 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by O.J. Loukola at Queen Mary University of London in London, UK, and colleagues was titled, 'Bumblebees show cognitive flexibility by improving on an observed complex behavior.' view more 

Credit: O.J. Loukola <i>et al., Science</i> (2017)

新的研究揭示,熊蜂仅通过观察就能学会用新工具来获得奖励。这些结果展示了蜂类学习如何解决复杂的、以目标为导向的问题的能力,它们甚至还能改进原有过程。在这里,Olli J. Loukola和同事将熊蜂放在一个平台上,训练它们将一只黄球从平台的边缘移至平台中央,这样做是为了能够得到甜的溶液作为奖励。科学家们用塑料蜂来示范这种行为。一旦经过训练,所有的熊蜂都成功地将它们的球移到平台中央以获取甜的溶液。接下来,有3组熊蜂被置于不同的情景之中。在第一种“社群示范”场景中,受过训练的熊蜂会在未经训练的熊蜂面前移动黄球。在“幽灵示范”场景中,科学家们用磁铁来移动黄球。在第三组熊蜂训练中,黄球已经被放置在平台中央。在头2组进行训练时,平台上有3只球,但2只最接近平台中央的球被粘着在原地,因此要得到奖赏熊蜂必须移动最远的那只球。在被测试的3组熊蜂中,社群组的观察熊蜂比幽灵示范组的观察熊蜂更为成功而且花较少的时间就完成了这项作业,而幽灵示范组的熊蜂平均来说比没有示范组的熊蜂能更为成功地完成该作业。这些结果表明,对熊蜂而言,观察移动的黄球就足以完成这一作业。更重要的是,这些观察熊蜂会直接移动最接近中央的球(或在另外一个实验中,它们会去移动一个不同颜色的球),这表明,它们并非简单地模仿示范者的行为,而是基于观察行为并通过更好的途径来做出改善。

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