video: A video of the device developed by Xu et al ., which possesses a relatively small active area with a wrinkled surface before electrical actuation, but a larger active area with a flattened surface after electrical actuation. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the 30 March 2018 issue of Science , published by AAAS. The paper, by C. Xu at University of California, Irvine in Irvine, Calif., and colleagues was titled, "Adaptive infrared-reflecting systems inspired by cephalopods."
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Credit: C. Xu <i>et al., Science</i> (2018)
受到能改变皮肤属性生物(如章鱼)的启发,研究人员研发出了一种具可调谐红外反射率的装置。这一进展有多种用途,其中包括帮助物体在红外(热敏)摄像机前匿踪。红外光是人眼无法看到的电磁频谱的一部分,但它能以热的形式被感受到。控制这一波长的光对一系列应用(如调节建筑物的温度或研发可用于军事行动的伪装平台)都是理想的。然而,到目前为止,研发适用于变化环境的遮掩装置但同时又能维持其它的理想属性(如可重复使用及可在低温范围操作)一直颇为困难。在这里,Chengyi Xu和同事从头足纲动物(如鱿鱼、章鱼和墨鱼)那里获得了灵感;这些动物的皮肤中含有簇集的适应性色素体细胞及能扩大和收缩的反光细胞。扩大和收缩的程度决定了可变波长的光会被反射的程度。应用特殊电极、皱膜及红外反射涂层组合,研究人员创制了一个可模仿头足纲动物皮肤的合成装置。由于膜会通过应用电流而扩展,更多的给定波长的光会被反射。Xu等人制造了一种鱿鱼形状版本的该装置并分析了其“匿踪”于红外摄像机的能力;他们报告,改变该装置的反射率而使其温度仅改变2摄氏度就足以让其在红外相机前隐身。
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