News Release

快速分类测试可在成年人中嗅查出活动性结核感染

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Rapid Triage Test Sniffs Out Active Tuberculosis Infections in Adults (1 of 5)

image: In the Department of Parasitology and Entomology at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, first author Rushdy Ahmad trains local staff in processing blood samples. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Oct. 23, 2019, issue of Science Translational Medicine, published by AAAS. The paper, by R. Ahmad at Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT in Cambridge, MA; and colleagues was titled, "A rapid triage test for active pulmonary tuberculosis in adult patients with persistent cough." view more 

Credit: [Credit: Rushdy Ahmad]

一项对人血液样本的新的分类测试可以在不到一小时内将成年人的活动性结核病(TB)与类似疾病区分开来——这将有助于实现全球卫生当局的一个难以达成的目标。该检测方法比以前的化验版本更加敏感,并可能提供一个发现结核病例的现场检测法,而这些病例通常在诸如HIV携带者等易受伤害的患者中未能得到诊断。结核病的预防和控制取决于有一种有效、可获取的检测方法以发现病例并确定有感染风险者。然而,由于许多其它疾病会引起结核样症状,因此诊断活动性结核病例可能颇为困难。在抗药性和HIV阳性人群负担沉重等障碍之上,这一挑战阻碍了控制该病的措施,尤其是在发展中国家。为寻求解决方案,Rushdy Ahmad和同事用机器学习技术研究了三组慢性咳嗽患者(共406人),确认了可将活动性TB病例与TB样疾病进行区分的四种血液蛋白。该研究团队接着创建了一种超灵敏的免疫测定法,它能筛检血液样本中的这些蛋白。他们的测试系列可以从来自亚非拉的持续咳嗽患者的317个样本中辨识TB感染;无论患者是否感染HIV,该检测法的性能表现均属良好。当他们在检测系列中添加第五种可检测针对某一细菌抗原的抗体标记物时,他们的检测准确性甚至会更高,并分别显示出86%和69%的敏感性和特异性。尽管需要做更多的工作,但该检测法接近世界卫生组织制定的效能指南,并可能进一步开发成能对患者进行分类的可行检测方法。

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