This collection features articles on Surface Treatment published in Smart Materials in Manufacturing. All articles are free to read and download.

This collection features articles on Alloy published in Smart Materials in Manufacturing. All articles are free to read and download.

Atmospheric water vapor is vital to weather and climate research, yet estimating it from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals depends on an intermediate temperature value that global models may not represent accurately at regional scales. In Geodesy and Geodynamics, researchers introduce three models calibrated for Iran using radiosonde observations and radio occultation profiles from multiple satellite missions. Models using measured surface temperature performed best with radiosonde data, while a surface-temperature-independent model proved more reliable for satellite profiles and cut errors in GNSS-derived precipitable water vapor by about half at test stations in Tehran and Tabriz.

In a paper published in SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences, a team of researchers developed new adaptive localization methods for all-sky infrared radiance assimilation. By better accounting for the vertical structure of cloud-related processes and dynamically adjusting localization parameters under different cloud conditions, the new methods significantly improve priors of model state variables and enhance forecasts of tropical cyclone track and intensity. The study provides a new technical pathway for effective use of cloud-affected satellite radiances in an ensemble Kalman filter.