News Release

两个希望挽救大象的团体需要找到共同点

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Two Groups that Want to Save Elephants Need to Find Common Ground

image: Duan Biggs et al. discuss ways in which two groups of people who want to help protect elephants from poaching - but disagree on the means - can find ways to achieve their common goal. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Dec. 15, 2017, issue of Science, published by AAAS. The paper, by D. Biggs at Griffith University in Nathan, QLD, Australia, and colleagues was titled, 'Breaking the deadlock on ivory.' view more 

Credit: (c) Art Wolfe / www.artwolfe.com

在本《视角》一文中,有2组人希望对保护大象免遭偷猎提供帮助,但他们对应采取什么手段未达共识,对此Duan Biggs等人就他们可找到的完成共同目标的方法进行了讨论。在过去的10年中,为获取象牙而进行的偷猎行为导致非洲象数目剧减,这一情况引发了究竟什么样的政策才能最有效地保护大象的辩论:是禁止所有的象牙交易还是允许得到管控的交易以奖励和资助大象保护。作者讨论了每一种方法的优缺点,但他们指出,两种方法间的真正分歧源自未能认识到利益相关者不同的道德角度或“价值观”。另一主要难题是野生大象的活动范围跨越多个国家,而这些国家对什么是最佳的行动方针看法各异,它们对用不同资源监控和实施旨在减少偷猎的计划也持不同观点。Biggs等概述了利益相关各方所能采用的5种不同的关键措施,其中包括对大象面临的其它威胁(如栖息地丧失)进行讨论,这将帮助厘清利益相关方对干预政策观点的异同性。同样地,他们建议采用一种结构化方法,即用一种可将偏见降至最低且被参与各方都视作合法的方法来评估不同政策产生的后果。作者还指出,过去对这一问题的重大讨论基本上一直限于国际组织间,而小型关键组织间的互动更可能令利益相关者产生信任和共识。

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