News from Science China Press

A research team from Tiangong University has published a systematic practice-oriented review in Science Bulletin, establishing a unified semi-quantitative industrial evaluation framework covering eight core dimensions for lithium-ion battery prelithiation technologies. The framework enables objective head-to-head comparison of eight representative prelithiation strategies, provides a scenario-specific decision matrix for five typical application scenarios, and distills five universal design rules for next-generation solutions, closing the long-standing gap between laboratory innovation and large-scale battery manufacturing.

Replacing petroleum-based synthetic fibers with sustainable bio-derived materials is critical to curbing global microplastic pollution, but biomass fibers have long been limited by insufficient mechanical performance. Researchers from Anhui Agricultural University and Zhejiang University developed high-performance cellulose metafibers (Meta-CFs) using a scalable hydrodynamic twisting strategy. By guiding continuously twisted structures on chemically cross-linked cellulose networks via an asymmetric microfluidic field, the team achieved a record tensile strength of 3.29 GPa and a toughness of 349.5 MJ m^–3—rivaling both high-performance synthetic fibers and natural spider silk. The fibers can be scaled into bundles while retaining GPa-level strength, are fully biodegradable, and have been validated as durable trimmer lines that eliminate persistent agricultural microplastic residues.

A dual-functional BSB-Me single-crystalline layer simultaneously serves as a stable hole-transporting layer and an efficient moisture/oxygen permeation barrier layer for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The approach yields record-high efficiencies among single-crystal OLEDs and extends the operational lifetime of blue OLEDs by more than 30 times relative to conventional amorphous counterparts.

In a paper published in SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences, a team of researchers conducted a series of CESM2 ensemble simulations under SSP2-4.5 to examine the impact of marine cloud brightening (MCB) on terrestrial drought. By injecting sea salt aerosols over certain subtropical ocean regions, they found that MCB could produce about 0.9°C global cooling and mitigate global land drying trend via reduced potential evapotranspiration by 2100 relative to that of SSP2-4.5. However, regional differences in drought response to MCB are evident, indicating the underlying complexity of terrestrial hydrological responses to artificial climate intervention. It sheds new light on the potential and risks of solar geoengineering for drought mitigation.

A new study published in National Science Review reveals the dual effects of urban greenery on compound heat-ozone pollution risks across Northern Hemisphere cities. While urban greening is widely promoted as a nature-based method to cool overheated cities, complex interactions between urban meteorology and atmospheric chemistry can create important trade-offs for ozone control. The findings call for integrated urban greening strategies that jointly enhance climate resilience, air quality, and public health.

A Nankai University team designed azaphenanthrene-fused non-fullerene acceptors and tuned their central cores with fluorine, chlorine, or bromine. Increasing halogen size progressively enhanced crystallinity and packing order. The brominated acceptor CHNBr achieved a fill factor of 78.84%, enabling binary organic solar cells to exceed 20% power conversion efficiency.

Researchers report a programmable mid-infrared photothermoelectric detector based on a suspended nanometer-thick SrTiO₃ membrane. It responds in about 10 microseconds, reaches about 50 volts per watt through dual-gate control, and supports 40 measured response states. A 3-by-3 array further demonstrates programmable infrared image preprocessing and attention-guided thermal target enhancement.

A recent study published in National Science Review, based on Chang'e-6 (CE6) farside samples, has shown that the lunar mantle lacks a clear compositional dichotomy. The farside anorthositic crust is more magnesian, whereas late-stage products of the lunar magma ocean appear thinner on the farside. To reconcile these hemispheric variations spanning from the mantle to the crust, a coherent model of lateral thermal convection within the magma ocean of the tidally-locked Moon has been proposed.