Researchers from Nankai University developed a urea‑modified covalent organic framework (urea‑COF) via linker‑editing strategy. Ordered hydrogen‑bond networks inside COF pores serve as proton highways, accelerating Grotthuss proton transfer and overcoming the sluggish water‑oxidation bottleneck. The urea‑COF achieves a high H₂O₂ production rate of 4104 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, 2.8‑fold higher than imine‑COF. A buoyant tri‑phase hydrogel‑bead reactor was further constructed for in‑situ water disinfection. Techno‑economic analysis shows a competitive levelized cost of 14.6 USD kg⁻¹ for distributed solar‑powered water treatment.

Solid–solid interfaces and surfaces govern material properties but are hard to resolve in 3D. Researchers at Peking University present an integrated framework for atomic-resolution electron tomography: a multi-metric evaluation strategy, the ZhouTomo automated acquisition software, and high-tilt in situ heating and cryogenic holders. The work outlines a pathway toward faster, reproducible and dynamic 3D atomic characterization of buried interfaces.

Fine-scale eddies (FEs) serve as critical drivers for vertical transport that helps sustain primary production, but their small scales hindered global observation prior to the SWOT mission. Combining SWOT with multi-platform datasets, researchers reveal that FEs are ubiquitous and an order of magnitude more abundant than mesoscale eddies. In contrast to mesoscale eddies, fine-scale cyclones are systematically ~10% stronger than anticyclones. Furthermore, positive chlorophyll anomalies from cyclonic FEs exceed the negative anomalies of anticyclonic FEs twofold, producing a consistent net positive effect on surface chlorophyll globally, which arises from the combined effect of horizontal and vertical motions of FEs. This study provides the first observational benchmark for FEs, constraining future models and reducing longstanding uncertainties.

The intestine engages in communication with various distant organs through neural, immune, and endocrine pathways. This systemic interconnection mechanism is referred to as the gut-organ axis, in which gut microbiota play a central role. The therapeutic landscape is rapidly evolving, with next-generation probiotics, postbiotics, and engineered strains now enabling precise, targeted remodeling of the gut ecosystem to restore host homeostasis and treat multi-organ diseases. This review articulates how the gut microbiota integrates environmental cues into a multi-organ regulatory network, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target for systemic diseases.

Upper and lower molars occupy separate places, but a mouse study suggests that their earliest beginnings are shared. Researchers traced a common molar-forming region that separates as the jaws develop. Excess BMP4 signaling disrupted this process in a jaw-fusion model. Blocking the p38 pathway restored separate upper and lower molar germs in six of nine treated mutants without correcting jaw fusion, revealing a distinction between tooth patterning and jaw development.