Far above the weather we feel at the surface, enormous waves are constantly shaping the atmosphere. These waves, known as Rossby waves, help steer the jet stream and guide the pathways of cold surges, storms, heavy rainfall, and other high-impact weather events. When Rossby waves grow large enough, they can overturn and “break,” much like ocean waves. Scientists from Florida State University examined Rossby wave breaking in two major global models and find Rossby wave breaking errors are not random technical details, but systematic forecast drifts that vary by region and breaking type.

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