How can micro/nano-scale devices be industrially produced on flexible substrates?
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Updates every hour. Last Updated: 21-Jun-2025 09:10 ET (21-Jun-2025 13:10 GMT/UTC)
In a recent issue of the International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, Hongbo Lan and his team from Qingdao University of Technology published a review article on multi-nozzle electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing.
Multi-nozzle EHD printing is poised to become the most promising technology for the industrial production of micro/nano-scale devices on flexible substrates. Their work provides a comprehensive summary of nearly 20 years of research on this technology, establishing a solid foundation for the industrial fabrication of flexible nanodevices.
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The electrochemical reduction of CO2 has been recognized as a promising strategy to convert ambient atmospheric CO2 into valuable products. Bismuth-based catalysts have garnered the widespread attention of researchers due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, and high natural abundance. Significant progress has been made toward enhancing the reactivity of catalyst structureons through innovative synthesis techniques and engineering. Advances include the use of flow cells and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cells to attain high cathodic current densities of over 200 mA cm-2 with superior selectivity that approaches over 90%.
Though technologies for the highly selective reduction of CO2 to formate have been realized for bismuth-based catalysts, several challenges remain that hinder their commercialization. Further advancements are essential for improving the stability of Bi-based catalysts for industrial applications. The development of in situ characterization techniques is required to be compatible with high current densities, which would provide insights into the kinetics of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to facilitate the identification of key intermediates for real-world applications. Economic evaluations are vital for assessing the CO2RR in terms of the cost and efficacy of the CO2 reduction process. A research team has highlighted recent developments and proposed viable future directions, with their work being published in the journal Industrial Chemistry & Materials recently. The main goal of this feature article is to provide readers with the latest research progress and current challenges of CO2RR using Bi-based catalysts.