Researchers have conducted a systematic review of conductive hydrogels, examining their electrical and mechanical properties in relation to different types of conductive fillers. They also highlighted recent advancements in applications such as wearable sensors and electrical stimulation, while outlining future directions and strategies for hydrogel-based electronics in health monitoring and therapeutic applications.

This study is led by Shengping Hou (Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University). The eyes have long been regarded as "immune-privileged" organs. Immunological system of ocular tissues prevents or resolves inflammation and maintain homeostasis. Aberrant activation of the immune system induces autoimmunity, which affects the ocular and its surrounding tissues in certain extend. Ocular immune-related diseases are a category of eye diseases caused by abnormal immune inflammatory responses, and they are one of the leading causes of blindness with high incidence. This comprehensive review delves into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a spectrum of conditions driven by immune system dysregulation, including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). The review highlights the different types of immune cells, inflammatory mediators, and associated signaling pathways that are involved in the pathophysiology of these ophthalmopathies, which is beneficial for broadening our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms underlying in ocular immune diseases.