The practical deployment of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) is fundamentally limited by the sluggish stepwise sulfur redox kinetics. However, current design philosophies remain heavily constrained by the conventional “adsorption-catalysis” strategy, often overlooking the crucial rate-limiting kinetic obstacle of the high Li⁺ desolvation energy barrier. This sluggish Li⁺ desolvation process imposes a severe kinetic penalty on polysulfide conversion, thereby depressing electrochemical stability. Herein, we propose a catalyst desolvation strategy utilizing a Ce single-atom catalyst to promote the Li⁺ desolvation process, thereby enhancing the redox conversion of polysulfides. Results indicate that the catalyst desolvation strategy increases the proportion of contact ion pairs and aggregates, reduces the Li⁺ desolvation energy barrier, and stabilizes the lithium anode/electrolyte interface. Consequently, the accelerated Li⁺ desolvation facilitates rapid sulfur redox kinetics, thereby realizing stable cycling in LSBs with a low decay rate of 0.036% per cycle over 1700 cycles at 1 C. This work confirms the significant impact of Li⁺ desolvation and provides a new solution for achieving efficient conversion of polysulfides in LSBs.

JUNO's first physics result was published in Nature. Through the analysis of valid data collected over 59 days from August 26 to November 2, 2025, the JUNO Collaboration made the high-precision measurement of the two key oscillation parameters, reducing the associated uncertainties by a factor of 1.6 compared to the combined experimental results in the past decades.

Biochar has often been praised as a “black gold” for sustainable agriculture, pollution control, and carbon storage. Yet despite its promise, its wider use has been limited by a practical challenge: compared with materials such as activated carbon, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, biochar often has lower surface area and electrical conductivity. Expensive post-treatment methods can improve its performance, but they may also increase cost, energy use, and secondary pollution.

A new study reveals that biochar can do more than simply trap pollutants. It may actively redirect antibiotic movement in structured soils, helping reduce the risk of contamination in nearby water systems.

Urban parks, campus lawns, residential gardens, and other greenspaces are vital parts of city life. They cool neighborhoods, support biodiversity, store carbon, and provide places for people to relax. Yet many urban soils are losing organic matter and nutrients under the pressure of rapid urbanization. A new study published in Biochar suggests that the success of common soil restoration practices may depend strongly on one often-overlooked factor: the balance between fungi and bacteria already living in the soil.

A new study published in Big Earth Data proposes GeoJSON agents, a novel multi-agent large language model (LLM) framework for geospatial analysis that transforms natural language instructions into structured GeoJSON operations through function calling and code generation. Experiments on a hierarchical benchmark of 70 spatial tasks show that the code generation–based agent achieved 97.14% accuracy and the function calling–based agent achieved 85.71%, both significantly outperforming general-purpose models, while highlighting the trade-off between flexibility and execution stability in GeoAI applications. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29921492.

Hearing loss is a common cause of disability worldwide, with anywhere between 30-60% of cases being caused by genetic factors. LOXHD1 is a gene integral to essential protein interactions responsible for maintaining normal hair cell function. Certain variants in this gene can cause progressive or non-progressive congenital hearing impairments, called “pathogenic variants” in individuals. Researchers went deeper into this gene to learn more about the genetic causes of hearing loss in the Chinese population, and they uncovered novel variants within this gene to further explore these causes, in addition to what early intervention and potential medicinal therapies might look like for those who are predisposed to hearing loss.

Carbide- and boride-based UHTCs are promising for high-speed vehicles but suffer from oxidation and high density. Guided by the Ellingham diagram, a lightweight HfO₂-SiBOC ceramic was designed with an amorphous SiBOC matrix and nano-HfO₂ reinforcement. The thermodynamic oxidation sequence (Hf→Si→B→C) enables preferential Hf oxidation to form a stable HfO₂ barrier, while Si and B generate viscous oxides for defect healing. A novel amber SiHfBOC precursor was synthesized via sol-gel and solvothermal methods. Hot-pressed bulk ceramics exhibited near-nonablative behavior under 2000°C oxyacetylene flame ablation for 300 s, offering a new strategy for lightweight polymer-derived ceramics in ultra-high temperature applications.

Leaf functional traits are stronger predictors of herbivory than climatic factors or insect richness across Chinese forests, according to a study led by researchers from the South China Botanical Garden (SCBG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Contrary to the classic resource availability hypothesis, the team found that some carbon-based defense traits may actually backfire.