The advent of the evolutionary scale modeling (ESM) series of protein language models (PLMs) is a significant innovation in the convergence of large language models (LLMs) with protein representation. These models, trained on large amounts of unlabeled protein sequence data, learn the intricate patterns of mutation and conservation that have sculpted protein families through evolutionary history. ESM has become a widely used foundation model family for protein representation and downstream biological tasks.

Oral nanomaterial formulations enhance drug stability, solubility, mucosal penetration and targeted delivery for gastrointestinal therapy. This review compares metallic and non-metallic nanomaterials and highlights the strong clinical translation potential of non-metallic systems, especially selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs).

Over the past decades, combination therapy has become a promising strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance. Compared with monotherapy, drug combinations can enhance efficacy and delay resistance. However, experimental identification of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) remains time-consuming and limits large-scale screening.

Much attention has been paid to the transdermal delivery of medicinal agents owing to its advantages in the administration. The first pass effect in the liver can be avoided and the bioavailability is enhanced by the drug delivery through the skin. The patients’ compliance is good because almost no pains are involved in applying transdermal dosage forms (e.g., ointments and patches). The long-lasting efficacy of medicines is obtainable as long as the dosage forms adhere to the skin. The administration is easily stopped by removing the dosage forms when necessary.

In short, we report an inverse phase enhancement (IPE) strategy to fabricate high-performance graphene paper (IPE-GP) exhibiting high strength (63.3 MPa) and high thermal conductivity (1325 W/m·K) at a minimal polymer loading of 5.9%. Using this conspicuous IPE-GP, we fabricated graphene composites that attained a record in-plane thermal conductivity of 802 W/m·K of polymer bulk composites.

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, stemming from the heart’s limited regenerative capacity and formation of noncontractile fibrotic tissue. Current treatments, including pharmacological and surgical interventions, manage symptoms and restore perfusion but fail to promote regeneration.

Structured light is a new frontier in optics because it can be programmed across multiple degrees of freedom—amplitude, phase, spatial patterns, frequency, and polarization. Yet in practice, generating and controlling such light still often relies on bulky, alignment-sensitive optical setups. Researchers led by Prof. Hongtao Lin at Zhejiang University (ZJU), China, have introduced a unified inverse-design method to bring vectorial structured light onto a chip, using topological valley photonic crystals. Their tiny couplers show ultra-low loss and broad bandwidth at telecom wavelengths, offering a practical route to compact photonic chips for communications, sensing, and quantum technologies.