This study focuses on lipid droplets (LDs), which are organelles responsible for storing neutral lipids and are found across various species. The excessive accumulation of these lipids in LDs is linked to several metabolic disorders. Zebrafish, with their transparent embryos, present a valuable model for studying LD biology, though previous research has been hampered by the absence of specific LD marker proteins and limitations in purification techniques.

Adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL) is a dynamic lipid droplet-associated protein involved in cellular lipolysis, which is conserved from bacteria to humans. Recent methods that measure the enzymatic activity of ATGL in vitro are established using lipid emulsions. However, the lipid emulsion platforms contain various membranous structures which reduce the accuracy of enzymatic activity determination. Therefore, a new platform and corresponding method are required for accurate measurement of ATGL enzymatic activity that represents cellular lipid and energy homeostasis. Adiposomes are artificial lipid nanostructures mimicking lipid droplets. Employing adiposome as a platform, the authors have developed an assay to measure the enzymatic activity of ATGL in vitro. Here, a detailed protocol is described to explain how to measure the activity of ATGL using adiposomes. This method successfully proves the concept of lipid droplet-mimetic lipase activity determining platform and provides a tool to identify the active sites of lipases.

Influenza continues to pose a significant global health burden, with seasonal outbreaks causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Current antiviral therapies, such as neuraminidase inhibitors and M2 inhibitors, face challenges like drug resistance and variable efficacy. ADC189, a novel cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) inhibitor structurally related to baloxavir marboxil, emerges as a potential therapeutic candidate. This study evaluates ADC189’s preclinical antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics, and safety in a first-in-human phase I trial. Preclinical results demonstrate potent inhibition of influenza polymerase activity across multiple strains, including oseltamivir-resistant variants, and robust efficacy in murine models. Phase I data reveal favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, prolonged half-life, and no food-related absorption interference, supporting its development as a single-dose oral therapy for influenza.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a major complication of diabetes mellitus, involves cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, often progressing to heart failure. Key pathological features include sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondrial calcium overload in cardiomyocytes, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the role of a cardiomyocyte-specific long noncoding RNA, Trdn-as, in DCM pathogenesis. Findings reveal that Trdn-as is significantly upregulated in cardiac tissues of diabetic mice and high glucose-treated cardiomyocytes. Experimental manipulation of Trdn-as in vivo and in vitro demonstrates its critical role in driving cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial damage. Overexpression of Trdn-as in healthy mice induces DCM-like cardiac abnormalities, while silencing it in diabetic models alleviates structural and functional deficits, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.

Abstract

Purpose – This paper represents the first attempt to examine investor behavior for green stocks through the lens of return co-movement, and provides evidence indicating that green investment practices have gained traction after 2012.

Design/methodology/approach – We empirically test the hypotheses that the stock returns of firms with similar carbon dioxide emissions levels move together and, if so, whether this co-movement has increased over time as people become more “carbon-conscious.” Our baseline sample, based on carbon emissions data from public company disclosures, suffers from limited coverage, particularly before 2016, leading to low statistical power and sample selection bias. To address this, we employ machine learning methodologies to forecast the carbon emissions of firms that do not disclose such information, nearly quadrupling the sample size. Our findings indicate that stocks with similar carbon emissions exhibit higher co-movement in stock returns in both the baseline and augmented data samples. Furthermore, this co-movement has increased during the 2012–2020 period compared to the 2004–2011 period, suggesting that green investment has gained traction over time.

Findings – We find that stocks with similar carbon emissions exhibit higher co-movement in stock returns in both the baseline sample and the augmented data sample, and the co-movement has increased in the 2012–2020 period compared to the 2004–2011 years, suggesting that green investment has gained traction over time.

Originality/value – (1) We use machine learning methodology to augment carbon emissions sample which goes back to 2004. Our approach almost quadruples the original data, enabling large-sample testing. (2) We are the first paper to examine how green companies' stock returns co-move and thus provide complementary results on the research on expected returns and carbon emissions.

Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Capital Medical University utilized gene editing to create senescence-resistant human mesenchymal progenitor cells (SRCs). In a 44-week trial on aged macaques, biweekly intravenous SRC injections induced no adverse effects and spurred multi-system rejuvenation in 10 major physiological systems and 61 tissue types. Treated macaques displayed enhanced cognitive function and diminished age-related degeneration. The SRCs work by releasing exosomes that curb cellular senescence and inflammation. This study presents the first primate-level proof of cell therapy’s safety and efficacy in reversing aging, presenting a potential multi-system approach for human anti-aging research.

In their research on enhancing LoRA-based fine-tuning for LLMs, the research team introduced an Enhanced Matrix Decomposition for single-task scenarios and a routing mechanism for multi-task learning, improving flexibility and performance without increasing computational complexity.

With the rapid development of electronic detective techniques, there is an urgent need for broadband (from microwave to infrared) stealth of aerospace equipment. However, achieving effective broadband stealth primarily relies on the composite of multi-layer coatings of different materials, while realizing broadband stealth with a single material remains a significant challenge. Herein, we reported a highly compact MXene film with aligned nanosheets through a continuous centrifugal spraying strategy. The film exhibits an exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 45 dB in gigahertz band (8.2–40 GHz) and 59 dB in terahertz band (0.2–1.6 THz) at a thickness of 2.25 μm, owing to the high conductivity (1.03 × 10⁶ S m^-1). Moreover, exceptionally high specific shielding effectiveness of 1.545 × 10⁶ dB cm² g^-1 has been demonstrated by the film, which is the highest value reported for shielding films. Additionally, the film exhibits an ultra-low infrared emissivity of 0.1 in the wide-range infrared band (2.5–16.0 μm), indicating its excellent infrared stealth performance for day-/nighttime outdoor environments. Moreover, the film demonstrates efficient electrothermal performance, including a high saturated temperature (over 120 °C at 1.0 V), a high heating rate (4.4 °C s^-1 at 1.0 V), and a stable and uniform heating distribution. Therefore, this work provides a promising strategy for protecting equipment from multispectral electromagnetic interference and inhibiting infrared detection.

The advancement of sophisticated smart windows exhibiting superior thermoregulation capabilities in both solar spectrum and long-wave infrared range maintains a prominent objective for researchers in this field. In this study, a Janus window is proposed and prepared based on polymer-stabilized liquid–crystal films/thermochromic materials. It can achieve switchable front long-wave infrared emissivity (ε_Front) and solar modulation ability (ΔT_sol) through dynamic flipping, making it suitable for different seasonal energy-saving requirements. Outdoor experiments show that under daytime illumination, the indoor temperature decreases by 8 °C, and the nighttime temperature drops by 5 °C. MATLAB simulation calculations indicate that the daytime cooling power is 93 W m^-2, while the nighttime cooling power reaches 142 W m^-2. Interestingly, by modifying the conductive layer, it can effectively shield electromagnetic radiation (within the X-band frequency range (8.2–12.4) GHz). Energy simulation reveals the substantial superiority of this device in energy savings compared with single-layer polymer-stabilized liquid crystal, poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), and normal glass when applied in different climate zones. This research presents a compelling opportunity for the development of sophisticated smart windows characterized by exceptional thermoregulation capabilities.