Researchers at Lund University have produced the most detailed map of carbon emissions from Swedish forest fires to date. The results show that the largest emissions occur below the ground surface, in peat and organic soils.

Bird migration is awe-inspiring. Animals mostly made of feathers take to the sky and complete round-trip journeys up to 40,000 kilometers long. The extremists migrate nonstop. Some fast the entire way. Most migratory species, however, engage in what ornithologists refer to as “stopovers” to refuel, rest, and wait out storms. A new literature review published in the Journal of Raptor Research emphasizes the need for more investigation into the importance of these stopover sites, newly defined in the review as places where individuals “pause their migratory movements for at least twenty-four hours.” Raptors are top predators with far-reaching impacts on their surrounding habitat, and they respond quickly to environmental change, making them effective bioindicators. Bolstering our knowledge of which areas are most crucial to the success of these long-distance journeys is therefore necessary, and increasingly possible as tracking technology improves.