Researchers have developed a controllable hydrothermal synthesis strategy for spherical cerium oxide (CeO₂) abrasives with tunable particle sizes from 32 to 531 nm while maintaining excellent sphericity and dispersity. Mechanistic studies reveal that CeO₂ formation occurs via nitrateinduced oxidation of Ce³⁺, with subsequent precipitation coupled to acetate decomposition thermodynamically driving the reaction forward. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) tests show that 343 nm CeO₂ achieves the highest material removal rate (73.7 nm·min⁻¹) with low surface roughness (Ra = 0.31 nm). The hydrothermally synthesized CeO₂ outperforms commercial abrasives in both short and longterm polishing owing to its uniform morphology.

In data center networks, the growth rate of switch buffer size is much smaller than that of network bandwidth capacity. This results in frequent network congestion, which requires congestion control. Currently, the classification of end-to-end congestion control protocols is based on single dimensions such as time or congestion arbitration subjects.

A Chinese research team has achieved a breakthrough in improving the training efficiency of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). They introduced an innovative architecture named "Decentralized Hypercube Collaborative Framework," addressing long-standing challenges such as high memory overhead, low computational efficiency, and underutilized hardware resources in traditional Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) training.

Helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) offer unique geometrical characteristics and capabilities; however, their properties, functionalization, and applications have not been sufficiently explored, compared to the straight CNTs that have different crystallinity and structural characteristics. The coil-shaped geometries of HCNTs can substantially increase their mechanical entanglement/interlocking with solidified host-resins and the microfiber-reinforcements in fiber-reinforced composites.

 

Lead is a highly toxic and persistent heavy metal that poses serious risks to human health. The detection of lead ions in water is therefore essential not only for balancing economic and environmental priorities, improving public services, and ensuring agricultural safety, but also for preventing lead poisoning, promoting health equity, and safeguarding international trade in the context of global health. Conventional detection methods are often limited by expensive instrumentation and complex procedures, whereas surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a promising alternative due to its high sensitivity and operational simplicity.

High entropy alloys (HEAs), namely multi-principal element alloys, are a novel class of multi-component materials. HEAs have drawn widespread attention in materials science due to their unique mix of features, which include great mechanical properties, good wear and corrosion resistance, acceptable soft magnetic performance, and stability at high temperatures. However, the role of rare-earth (RE) elements on the microstructure and various performances of multi-principal element amorphous alloys (MPEAAs) is still vague.

Hydrogel materials possess unique physicochemical properties, including high water absorption, strong moisture retention, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, environmental responsiveness, biodegradability, and a three-dimensional network structure. These characteristics endow them with significant practical value and broad application prospects in fields such as tissue engineering and biomedicine.

The issue of environmental pollution has got worse due to the quick expansion of manufacturing, industry, and human society. Among different pollutants, the emission impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been steadily expanding, posing a significant challenge to human health. Gas sensors are devices that convert gas concentration from chemical to electrical signals and play a central role in real-time gas detection system.

Contact-free and object-agnostic 3D rotation at the micro/nanoscale is playing an increasingly important role in advanced imaging, biology, and microrobotics. Towards this goal, Scientist in Germany developed an opto-thermoviscous micromanipulation strategy that enables robust out-of-plane spinning and sheathless focusing in highly viscous media. The technique opens new avenues for all-optical manipulation-enabled multiview 3D microscopy and advanced biological imaging.