Flexible dispersion manipulation is critical for holography to achieve broadband imaging or frequency division multiplexing. Within this context, metasurface-based holography offers advanced dispersion control, yet dynamic reconfigurability remains largely unexplored. This work develops a dispersion-engineered inverse design framework that enables 3D multi-plane frequency-reconfigurable holography through a twisted metasurface system. The physical implementation is based on a compact bilayer configuration that cascades the broadband radiation-type metasurface (RA-M) and phase-only metasurface (P-M). The RA-M provides a phase-adjustable input to excite P-M, while the rotation of P-M creates a reconfigurable response of holograms. By employing the proposed scheme, dynamic switching of space-frequency multiplexing and achromatic holograms is designed and experimentally demonstrated in the microwave region. This method advances flexible dispersion engineering for metasurface-based holography, and the compact system holds significant potential for applications in near-field computational imaging/detection, high-speed high-data-capacity near-field wireless communication, and switchable meta-devices.

A review published in National Science Review highlights recent progress at the intersection of machine learning and quantum science, focusing on how AI techniques are revolutionizing the estimation and control of complex quantum systems.

A research team from Tsinghua University has developed a compact, zero dead-zone heterodyne grating interferometer for simultaneous three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) atomic-level displacement measurement. The system achieves sub-nanometer resolution, outstanding linearity, and exceptional stability over large ranges, with significantly reduced crosstalk errors. This breakthrough paves the way for next-generation lithography, atomic-scale manufacturing, and ultra-precision aerospace metrology.

SRPX2 is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) exhibiting significant N-glycosylation, which influences its conformation, interactions, and functions, as evidenced by the enhanced glycosylation and functional impact of the N327S mutation. It plays versatile roles in multiple diseases. SRPX2 promotes cancer progression (e.g., gastric, pancreatic, thyroid, glioblastoma) by enhancing proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance via pathways like TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and FAK/SRC/ERK, correlating with poor prognosis. SRPX2 also plays critical roles in neurodevelopment; mutations are linked to language disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and potentially Rolandic epilepsy (though evidence is complex and may involve interactions like GRIN2A). SRPX2, a protein characterized by sushi repeat domains, plays a crucial role in synaptogenesis and modulates complement-mediated synaptic pruning processes. Additionally, SRPX2 contributes to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via TGF-β signaling, angiogenesis via μPAR/integrin signaling, myocardial infarction protection by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and other conditions. Its context-dependent roles, e.g., pro-fibrotic in lungs vs. protective in heart, and involvement in key signaling pathways highlight its potential as a therapeutic target, though challenges like inhibitor specificity remain.

To meet the growing demand for high-performance, low-cost sodium-ion batteries, researchers have developed a novel iron sulfate cathode material enhanced with magnesium doping. This modified structure improves the material’s stability under high temperatures and harsh electrochemical environments. The newly engineered cathode demonstrates enhanced reaction reversibility, reduced interfacial degradation, and excellent long-term cycling performance—even at elevated temperatures of 60 °C. The innovation lies in using Mg cations to reduce the crystal’s electron density, thereby mitigating harmful side reactions with water and electrolytes. This breakthrough presents a promising direction for developing durable sodium-ion batteries suitable for large-scale energy storage applications.

Green hydrogen holds immense promise for decarbonizing energy systems, yet when produced via water electrolysis, it relies heavily on rare and expensive noble metals. This study delves into the emergence of non-noble metal catalysts (NNMCs) as a transformative alternative for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic environments. By unpacking the underlying mechanisms, performance bottlenecks, and degradation routes, the authors offer a roadmap to designing high-performing, stable NNMCs. The review also explores the latest innovations in catalyst engineering—from electronic tuning to surface reconstruction—that enable these cost-effective materials to rival their noble metal counterparts in water-splitting performance.

A team of researchers has unveiled a powerful imaging technique that captures a full-dimensional portrait of elusive trap states—defects that hinder the performance of perovskite solar cells. By combining scanning photocurrent measurement system (SPMS) with complementary tools like thermal admittance spectroscopy (TAS) and drive-level capacitance profiling (DLCP), the team produced detailed spatial and energy maps of these hidden imperfections. Leveraging these insights, they introduced a passivation strategy using sulfa guanidine molecules that dramatically improved device performance. The result: a record-breaking solar cell achieving 25.74% efficiency. This breakthrough not only unlocks a deeper understanding of device physics but also provides a practical pathway to next-generation solar technologies.