Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) plays a critical role in immune regulation, particularly in monocyte differentiation and activation. Unlike ADA1, which primarily functions intracellularly, ADA2 can be secreted or trafficked to lysosomes. Deficiency in ADA2 (DADA2) leads to systemic vasculitis marked by elevated TNF-α levels, excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and impaired differentiation of monocytes into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Research demonstrates that intracellular ADA2 localizes within endolysosomes of macrophages, and its reduction correlates with heightened TNF-α secretion. This suggests ADA2 modulates lysosomal adenosine levels, influencing inflammatory pathways. In pneumonia patients, elevated ADA2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) align with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, while cord blood exhibits low ADA2, fostering an immunosuppressive milieu. Secreted ADA2 binds apoptotic cells, reducing extracellular adenosine and activating immune responses, highlighting its dual intra- and extracellular roles in inflammation.

Researchers from UCLA published a Perspective in Science Bulletin proposing bioengineered platforms that mimic immunological synapses to improve CAR-T cell manufacturing. Their strategies offer solutions for enhanced activation, transduction, and memory T cell formation.

Researchers discovered the spin-configuration of excited states in a promising zero-dimensional luminescent material, (Bmpip)₂SnBr₄, resolved a scientific debate with groundbreaking insights into its unique energy structures and shed light on designing better LEDs and spin-based devices.

Building a quantum internet requires moving quantum information from light to solid materials such as crystals. Researchers at Nanjing University have now achieved such 'quantum teleportation' on a platform operating fully at telecommunications frequencies, reaching a technological milestone in the development of practical quantum networks.

Researchers at Hefei University of Technology and Southeast University have comprehensively reviewed the recent advances in arc-linear motors (ALMs). Then, the major merits and demerits of various ALMs are identified and summarized. Finally, Researchers discussed the main issues and core challenges of ALMs, and proposed the perspectives as well to promote a more comprehensive understanding for ALM.