Non-invasive respiratory support has transformed the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, yet choosing the best option remains challenging. A special issue of the Journal of Intensive Medicine explores currently available strategies and their roles in improving patient outcomes and avoiding intubation. Through both expert reviews and original research, this special issue offers practical, evidence-based guidance to help medical practitioners navigate a critical aspect of intensive care.

Researchers at Jiangnan University have innovated a hybrid detection system for inter-turn short circuits in five-phase permanent magnet motors, merging real-time tracking algorithms with deep learning. This achievement enables the delivery of enhanced accuracy in both fault detection and severity gradation assessment.

Researchers have developed an analytical model for Stirling engines based on an optimized Simple analysis method, significantly improving the accuracy of performance predictions. This provides optimization and analysis tools for more efficient and reliable Stirling engines, which is crucial for applications ranging from space nuclear power to terrestrial energy systems.

Real-time monitoring of additive concentrations in acidic copper plating solution is critical for ensuring process stability and reliability in integrated circuit manufacturing. Traditional detection systems rely on bulky rotating platinum disk electrodes (2–3 mm diameter) that consume large solution volumes to maintain unrestricted flow at high speeds, complicating operational workflows and limiting miniaturization. A team of scientists has addressed these challenges by developing a novel electrochemical microfluidic workstation that combines 3D-printed microfluidic chips with static platinum ultra-microelectrodes. By integrating microfluidic programmed mixing, the system reduces single-test solution consumption to 220 microliters. Calibration curves based on additive effects on copper deposition kinetics enable concentration detection with average relative errors below 10%. Their work is published in the journal Industrial Chemistry & Materials on June 26.

Cancer is turning up more frequently in young women. The American Cancer Society shows the incidence rate for women younger than 50 has increased from 51% higher than men in 2002 to 82% higher in 2021. Regular checkups aid early detection, and convenient genetic testing makes it easier than ever to protect women's health.

This study explores ionic redistribution in perovskite LEDs during pulsed operation, using drift-diffusion simulations to analyse the impact of mobile ionic defects on light emission and providing insights into the functionality of these promising devices.

Trees help clean the air in cities but they also contribute to smog formation. A recent study conducted at Beijing Forestry University analyzed six major urban tree species for carbon storage and biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions using field surveys and satellite data. The findings revealed two tree species: Robinia pseudoacacia and Betula platyphylla, as the ideal for maximizing carbon capture while minimizing harmful emissions—guiding smarter urban forest planning in China.

Researchers at the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China have developed a novel quantum algorithm that extends Grover's quadratic speedup to continuous search problems, including optimization and spectral analysis over infinite-dimensional spaces. The team rigorously proved the algorithm's optimality by establishing a matching lower bound on query complexity. They also proposed a general framework for constructing the required quantum oracle, enhancing adaptability to diverse applications.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are usually removed by endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES). However, surgical management of giant and irregular pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (GIPitNETs) with EES is often challenging, due to their large size and irregular shape. An alternative approach is combined endoscopic endonasal and transcranial surgery (CECS). Now, researchers compare the efficacy and outcome of both surgical techniques for treating GIPitNETs and found that CECS is safe and effective with comparable complication rates.

In a paper published in National Science Review, a research team led by Chinese scientists quantifies changes in dissolved carbon storage within China's lakes and reservoirs alongside dissolved carbon fluxes in rivers over the past three decades, systematically revealing how climate change, anthropogenic disturbances, and water chemistry factors collectively drive the dynamics of dissolved carbon in inland waters. The study finds that dissolved carbon storage across China's inland waters has increased significantly during this period, with riverine carbon fluxes primarily driven by climate and human factors, while lake and reservoir carbon storage is dominated by water chemistry controls.