Published in Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, this study reports the first complete microbial route to produce fully bio-based long-chain polyester from renewable substrates. Using engineered Candida tropicalis and Escherichia coli, researchers achieved record monomer titers—150 g/L of 1,12-diacid and 68 g/L of 1,12-diol—later polymerized into bio-polyesters exhibiting thermal and molecular properties equivalent to petroleum analogs. Scalable to a 50 L pilot fermenter, this eco-friendly process marks a key advance toward a circular bioeconomy for sustainable plastics.

Rechargeable aqueous batteries (RABs) have attracted considerable attention for large-scale energy storage applications due to their inherent safety. Manganese dioxide (MnO₂), based on two-electron-transfer deposition/dissolution chemistry, offers an ultrahigh theoretical capacity and high redox potential, paving the way for high-energy RABs.

Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts reports that a phenol-rich, low-molecular lignin fraction (F3) obtained by simple ethanol fractionation of kraft black liquor cuts diabetic fasting blood glucose 66 %, surpasses rosiglitazone in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, boosts hepatic GLUT4 expression 189 %, reactivates IRS1/PI3K/AKT and AMPK signaling, restores mitochondrial ATP, reduces inflammatory cytokines and triglycerides, reshapes gut microbiota toward short-chain-fatty-acid producers, and exhibits no organ toxicity in rats, thereby positioning woody biomass as a scalable, renewable and safe source for oral or injectable antidiabetic therapeutics.

Pulmonary fibroblasts coordinate the progression of airway inflammation through multiple pathways. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of its subtype, bronchial fibroblasts, under TNF-α induction remain unclear. This study found that TNF-α was highly expressed in the airway with asthma patients. Gene sequencing found that a large number of inflammatory cytokines were expressed in TNF-α induced human bronchial fibroblasts, such as IL-6, IL-1β, IL-15, TNF, CX3CL1, DAPK2, TSLP, CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, and CXCL6, which are closely related to eosinophil or neutrophil inflammation. GO enrichment pathways based on the background of the upregulated DEGs showed that TNF-α-induced bronchial fibroblasts are closely associated with the programmed cell necrosis signaling, Th2 cytokines production, eosinophils, neutrophils and so on. Then, western blot showed that the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in TNF-α-induced bronchial fibroblasts considerably increased, and the expression levels of fibronectin, COL1A1, and TGFβ1 were substantially decreased. ELISA results showed that CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, TSLP, CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-6, and IL-1β levels were considerably increased under TNF-α-induced bronchial fibroblasts supernatant. In conclusion, our study results indicate that TNF-α-induced bronchial fibroblasts play an important role in airway inflammation.

Although numerous observational studies have revealed a correlation between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and female reproductive system diseases (RSDs), the findings of these studies have tended to be consistent. In this study, we accordingly sought to clarify the causal relationships between LTL and RSDs.

In this study, we aimed to identify trends in anticoagulant usage among patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), assess the appropriateness of these prescriptions, and provide recommendations for future clinical practice.

The rapid rise of commercial compact fusion devices has triggered fast-growing demand for high-temperature superconducting tapes, creating a major opportunity for the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tape industry. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been extensively applied for fabrication of heteroepitaxial HTS wires or tapes based on REBCO-type superconductor, also referred to as, coated conductors (CCs). A combination of multi-plume, multi-turn deposition technique and use of high-power excimer lasers has enabled and accelerated the industrialization of REBCO coated conductors. Currently, the annual production of top-tier PLD-based, HTS-wire manufacturers exceeds 3,000 km-12 mm, contributing to over half of the total global HTS wire production. PLD-REBCO tapes have demonstrated excellent in-field performance (I_c> 200 A-4 mm @20K, 20T, B//c) and competitive pricing (~$20/m). PLD technology continues to evolve, demonstrating strong competitive advantages. However, challenges remain in further cost reduction, process stability, and increasing efficiency of raw material utilization. AI-based data mining and tackling emerging fundamental issues are seen as potential solutions to further improve stability and performance.

YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ high-temperature superconductors (HTS) exhibit remarkable passive levitation over permanent magnet guideways (PMG), but the strong nonlinearity poses significant challenges for developing analytical models for HTS maglev systems. This paper presents a refined analytical method for calculating the electromagnetic force in such systems. The method incorporates critical factors, including the complex properties of the superconductors, the Halbach PMG geometry, and various operation conditions. The derived analytical expressions explicitly reveal the interplay between system parameters and levitation performance. Experimental and numerical validation confirms the model’s high prediction accuracy in magnetic fields, levitation and guidance forces. A sensitivity analysis further identifies the most influential parameters such as thickness of the magnet, levitation height, Halbach wavelength. Moreover, this paper calculates and provides the recommended structural parameters for both rare-earth and rare-earth-free PMG. The potential of HTS maglev systems for heavy-haul applications is explored, demonstrating the capability to achieve significant levitation force (about 50 ton/m) under constrained geometric conditions. This work provides critical insights for minimizing permanent magnet consumption in HTS maglev systems and circumventing rare-earth material constraints.