Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune brain disease that mainly affects young people. Researchers from China reviewed a wide range of biomarkers that may help detect, understand, and treat this condition more effectively. These include antibodies, inflammatory markers, microRNAs, mitochondrial DNA, and neurofilament light chain proteins. Their findings highlight how biomarkers can guide diagnosis and treatment decisions, offering new insights into the disease’s underlying mechanisms and improving care for affected individuals.

This study reveals that female Helicoverpa armigera moths utilize plant-emitted CO₂ as a key cue for egg-laying, preferring young leaves with higher CO₂ emissions to enhance offspring survival. However, the increase of CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere disrupts this oviposition strategy. Three gustatory receptors (HarmGR1, HarmGR2, and HarmGR3) were essential for CO₂ detection in H. armigera. Disrupting any of these receptors impaired CO₂ sensing and oviposition behavior. These findings highlight how climate change may alter insect reproduction and crop pest dynamics.

Professor Xun Lan from the School of Basic Medical Sciences at Tsinghua University and Director Hongxing Liu from Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital have published a research article entitled “Integrative scATAC-seq and mtDNA mutation analysis reveals disease-driven regulatory aberrations in AML” in Science Bulletin. This study leverages single-cell multi-omics technologies to investigate the regulatory aberrations caused by mutations in the transcription factor WT1 and in cis-regulatory elements that drive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The research also uncovers tumor clones and relapse-associated markers linked to AML relapse, offering new insights into the mechanisms of disease progression and potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.

This review introduces a novel paradigm in cancer biology, focusing on the nuclear phosphoinositide (PIPn)-p53 signalosome and its crucial role in regulating cell motility. Traditionally associated with cytoplasmic and membrane-bound signaling, PIPns are now recognized for orchestrating nuclear events including the stabilization of p53 and activation of nuclear AKT. The review emphasizes the interplay between wild-type or mutant p53 and nuclear PIPn metabolism, opening new directions for therapeutic strategies targeting metastasis.

This study reveals that dynamin 1 (DNM1) promotes N-cadherin recycling through caveolae-mediated endocytosis, maintaining epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plasticity and driving ovarian cancer metastasis. DNM1 deficiency disrupts N-cadherin/Rab11 co-localization, while β-1,3-galactosyltransferase 1 (B3GALT1) inhibits this process. Clinically, elevated DNM1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer and enhances nanoparticle uptake, providing a novel therapeutic target.

This study investigates the potential of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) p15 protein as an immunogen for developing vaccines against ASF. Researchers identified a high-affinity neutralizing antibody, 4E2, against p15 and elucidated the structure of the p15-4E2 complex. They also constructed two types of virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying p15 and evaluated their protective efficacy in pigs challenged with a moderately virulent ASFV strain.