A recent study scientists have decoded the intricate metabolic profiles of citrus fruits, shedding light on the phenylpropanoid pathway—a critical biosynthetic route for flavonoids and other phytonutrients known for their health benefits.

IL-8⁺ neutrophils have been identified as key drivers of inflammation in severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (sAH). Targeting these immune cells offers a novel and specific approach to therapy, addressing a critical gap in treating this condition.

New research published in the journal Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters reports significant progress in studying the relationship between meteorological conditions and atmospheric fine-particle (PM_2.5) concentrations. In this new study, meteorological fields were obtained using two sets of data to analyze the differences in the simulated PM_2.5 concentration. Results showed that the meteorological field had a strong influence on the concentration levels and spatial distribution of the simulated pollution. Also, one of the data sources resulted in relatively smaller simulation errors, allowing more accurate modeling of PM_2.5 concentrations.

Organoids, or living biobanks, are living tissue models widely used in biomedical research and drug screening. A recent review article published in the Chinese Medical Journal, systematically examines standardization efforts in organoid research, including operational procedures, laboratory establishment, and existing published guidelines related to organoid culture. The authors also discuss current challenges in the standardization of organoid construction, highlighting key areas for improvement.

High output power signal with high quality is needed for various applications today ranging from telecom to optical sensing. Such high-power systems aren’t usually associated with integrated photonics (which helps miniaturize the system, but at the cost of severe reduction in signal power). Scientist in Germany have overcome this challenge and have demonstrated very high-power tunable laser in silicon photonics with output power reaching ~2 Watts.

Aerobic glycolysis is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. Previously, we have found that the overexpression of the inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) inhibits lung cancer aggressiveness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, whether ING5 regulates lung cancer metabolism reprogramming remains unknown. Here, by quantitative proteomics, we showed that ING5 differentially regulates protein phosphorylation and identified a new site (Y163) of the key glycolytic enzyme PDK1 whose phosphorylation was upregulated 13.847-fold. By clinical study, decreased p-PDK1Y163 was observed in lung cancer tissues and correlated with poor survival. p-PDK1Y163 represents the negative regulatory mechanism of PDK1 by causing PDHA1 dephosphorylation and activation, leading to switching from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, with increasing oxygen consumption and decreasing lactate production. These effects could be impaired by PDK1Y163F mutation, which also impaired the inhibitory effects of ING5 on cancer cell EMT and invasiveness. Mouse xenograft models confirmed the indispensable role of p-PDK1Y163 in ING5-inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. By siRNA screening, ING5-upregulated TIE1 was identified as the upstream tyrosine protein kinase targeting PDK1Y163. TIE1 knockdown induced the dephosphorylation of PDK1Y163 and increased the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Collectively, ING5 overexpression—upregulated TIE1 phosphorylates PDK1Y163, which is critical for the inhibition of aerobic glycolysis and invasiveness of lung cancer cells.

Twisted light, which carries orbital angular momentum, is driving modern metrology by altering paradigms on what is measurable, and allowing probing and sensing with ultra-high precision and accuracy. Researchers from China and South Africa share their expert insights on the future trajectory of this dynamic field.

The integration of machine learning and logical reasoning has long been considered a holy grail problem in artificial intelligence. ABductive Learning (ABL) is a paradigm that integrates machine learning and logical reasoning in a unified framework.

A research has the potential to advance sustainable energy technologies and reduce the environmental impact of electronic devices.