A new study on ancient societies from around the world is rewriting what we thought we knew about democracy. A team of researchers analyzed archaeological and historical evidence from 31 ancient societies across Europe, Asia, and the Americas and found that shared, inclusive governance was far more common than was once believed.

A new 3D model reveals how mosquitoes adjust their flight patterns in response to visual and chemical cues. The research could help in the design of more effective traps and mosquito control strategies.

AI researchers at Mass General Brigham have two new papers showing that the thymus, an immune system organ long assumed irrelevant after puberty, may actually be a key driver of longevity, disease risk, and response to cancer treatment. In their first study, they used AI to analyze CT scans from more than 27,000 adults, and found inviiduals with high "thymic health" scores had a ~50% lower risk of death, 63% lower cardiovascular mortality, and 36% lower lung cancer risk compared to those with low scores. In a second study of 1,200 cancer patients treated with immunotherapy, the researchers found those with stronger thymic health had a 37% lower risk of cancer progression and a 44% lower risk of death. Together, the findings point to a major role of the thymus in adult health, and its potential as a target for screening and personalized medicine.

Vehicle re-identification (Re-ID) stands as a cornerstone technology in intelligent transportation systems, enabling the tracking of individual vehicles across non-overlapping surveillance cameras in urban environments. Despite substantial progress in deep learning approaches, real-world deployment faces persistent obstacles from diverse vehicle poses caused by varying camera angles, viewpoints, and driving directions. These pose variations scatter feature representations of the same vehicle in the embedding space, leading to reduced discriminative power and lower identification accuracy. Traditional methods relying on deep metric learning struggle to bridge these gaps, as pose differences create discrete clusters even for identical vehicles, complicating reliable matching in practical traffic scenarios.

A recent study introduces an innovative strategy to mitigate this challenge by projecting vehicle images from diverse poses into a unified target pose, generating synthetic images that serve as pose-invariant auxiliary information to strengthen Re-ID models. Recognizing the high costs and logistical difficulties of acquiring paired images of the same vehicle from different cameras, researchers developed VehicleGAN, the first pair-flexible pose-guided image synthesis framework tailored for vehicle Re-ID. This end-to-end Generative Adversarial Network accepts a source vehicle image and a target pose as inputs, synthesizing the vehicle in the desired pose without depending on detailed 3D geometric models. VehicleGAN operates effectively in both supervised settings, using paired data when available, and unsupervised scenarios through a novel AutoReconstruction mechanism. In this self-supervised approach, the model transfers an image to the target pose and back to the original, reconstructing the input to learn robust transformations without requiring expensive paired annotations. This flexibility addresses key limitations of prior 3D-based methods, which demand precise camera parameters often unavailable in real surveillance setups, and supervised 2D methods burdened by labor-intensive labeling.