Researchers at the University of Osaka have developed a new mathematical framework that helps identify optimization problems that can be solved efficiently using optical computing hardware. The approach allows complex, high-dimensional problems to be transformed into forms compatible with spatial photonic Ising machines and can also accelerate computation using fast Fourier transforms. These findings could broaden the applications of optical computing to areas such as logistics, data analysis, and infrastructure optimization.

In a paper published in ENGINEERING Management, researchers from Shanghai University and Tsinghua University propose a cross-city transfer learning framework that enables rapid planning of shared e-scooter parking stations in new cities without requiring local operational data. Using operational data from 25 European cities and multi-source open-space data, the study demonstrates that a multi-dimensional urban similarity matching strategy, integrating socio-economic, POI distribution, and spatial structure features, achieves more stable and generalizable predictions than conventional geographic or economic grouping methods, with the TOP-3 similarity match yielding the best overall performance.

A new review in ENGINEERING Management shows how the inverse Gaussian process has developed into an important probabilistic tool for degradation modeling, remaining useful life prediction, and maintenance decision-making in prognostics and health management. It also explores how artificial intelligence can be combined with interpretable statistical models to support more reliable and scalable intelligent maintenance.

Researchers from Würzburg und Heidelberg have unravelled why minor changes in the heart protein RBM20 can lead to different inherited heart diseases. Using patient-specific stem cells, artificial heart tissue and genome editing, they were able to demonstrate how individual mutations disrupt the calcium balance in heart cells, thereby triggering various clinical presentations. The findings provide new avenues for personalised therapies for rare cardiomyopathies.

A team of international scientists led by Patricia Angela R. Abu of Ateneo de Manila University Department of Information Systems and Computer Science (DISCS) have developed an AI model that accurately predicts how effectively the heart pumps blood.

Researchers at the University of Osaka have developed a method to build stable, tubular hydrogel structures at the arteriole scale. Using a technique called meniscus-guided interfacial ring-by-ring assembly, UV light is used to form ring-shaped structures at an oil–hydrogel interface, which combine to form hollow tubes. Different tubes could be created with good stability, controlled sizes, complex shapes, and multi-component structures. These structures could help to create vascular networks for artificial tissue models.

Artificial intelligence could help transform how farms manage nitrogen by connecting crop production, livestock feeding, manure recycling, and environmental monitoring within a single decision-making system, according to a new perspective published in Nitrogen Cycling.