Parasitic plants cause losses of over a billion dollars in crop losses each year, yet they rarely attack their own roots. Researchers from Japan have uncovered how these plants avoid self-attack. They identified a key gene, PjUGT72B1, that functions as a molecular switch that neutralizes a plant’s own signals that trigger parasitic structure formation. This self-recognition mechanism could help in engineering crops to appear as kin, avoiding attacks by parasitic weeds.

Altermagnets, a promising new class of magnetic materials for next-generation spintronics, have remained difficult to identify due to their self-canceling magnetic structure. A new technique developed at Chiba University solves this by detecting distinct signatures produced when the atoms are hit with circularly polarized light. Validated in manganese telluride, a well-known altermagnet, the method opens the door to discovering new altermagnetic materials and enabling the development of faster, energy-efficient spintronic devices.

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are molecules that can eliminate disease-causing proteins, but developing them is often slow and complex, limiting how quickly new candidates can be tested. Now, researchers from Tokyo University of Science have developed a three-step "click chemistry" assembly line that rapidly builds functional PROTACs from simple building blocks. The resulting molecules successfully degraded a target protein in cells, paving the way for faster, more flexible development of protein-targeting therapeutics.

In a groundbreaking study, researchers have captured real-time "molecular movies" showing how an enzyme changes shape during catalysis. Using an advanced technique called mix-and-inject serial crystallography at Japan's SACLA X-ray free-electron laser facility, the team observed domain movements and structural changes in the enzyme, copper amine oxidase enzyme over millisecond timescales, revealing dynamics that are nearly impossible to observe by other methods.

Kyoto, Japan -- Colorectal cancer, or CRC, is the world's second most lethal cancer based on the number of deaths, and is the third most prevalent malignant tumor. Doctors and patients have long been hoping for better diagnostics for prognosis, such as molecular subtyping, which uses data collected from cancer stem cells, or tumor-initiating cells, to further divide one type of cancer into subgroups. It may correlate with patient outcomes and enable better prognoses.

Though many CRC tissue samples have been analyzed and classified based on mRNA gene expression, currently the practical application of these studies in patient prognosis is limited for colorectal cancer. This motivated a team of researchers from Kyoto University to examine cancer stem cells for the molecular subtyping of CRC.

"We need more comprehensive and clinically useful markers and their signatures to help predict the outcome of each patient," says first author Fumihiko Kakizaki.