In this paper, the existing AD methods for the PMSM drive system with LC sine wave filter are reviewed, including the modified AD methods based on inherent damping, conventional AD methods based on state variable feedback, modified AD methods with LPF and HPF based on state variable feedback and AD methods based on digital filter. A new expansion of AD method based on HPF-CCF is studied to ensure the effectiveness when the resonant frequency is around sixth of the sampling frequency. The stability, dynamic performance, robustness, and algorithm complexity of the AD methods are compared in detail and the suggestion of selecting the AD method in different industrial scenarios is summed as below.

1) When evaluating the stability of control system in terms of PM and GM, CCF, LPF-CCF, and the proposed HPF-CCF are comparatively more recommended.

2) In terms of the open-loop cutoff frequency, the proposed HPF-CCF is more recommended for realizing a better dynamic performance.

3) In terms of the Bode diagrams analysis and experimental results, LPF-CCF, HPF-MCF, and the proposed HPF-CCF are more recommended for ensuring control system robustness.

4) When considering the algorithmic complexity of the AD methods, only one parameter needs to be designed for CCF and ICF-SOGI.

CSHL postdoc Iacopo Gentile has devised a new system for identifying redundant genes and predicting how certain genetic mutations may affect plant traits. The model provides plant breeders with a potential roadmap for future crop improvements.

Artificial carbon fixation is a promising pathway for achieving the carbon cycle and environment remediation. However, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and poor selectivity of CO₂ reduction seriously limited the overall conversion efficiencies of solar energy to chemical fuels. Herein, we demonstrated a facile and feasible strategy to rationally regulate the coordination environment and electronic structure of surface-active sites on both photoanode and cathode. More specifically, the defect engineering has been employed to reduce the coordination number of ultrathin FeNi catalysts decorated on BiVO₄ photoanodes, resulting in one of the highest OER activities of 6.51 mA cm⁻² (1.23 V_RHE, AM 1.5G). Additionally, single-atom cobalt (II) phthalocyanine anchoring on the N-rich carbon substrates to increase Co–N coordination number remarkably promotes CO₂ adsorption and activation for high selective CO production. Their integration achieved a record activity of 109.4 μmol cm⁻² h⁻¹ for CO production with a faradaic efficiency of > 90%, and an outstanding solar conversion efficiency of 5.41% has been achieved by further integrating a photovoltaic utilizing the sunlight (> 500 nm).