Colder temperatures are linked with increased risk of diarrhea among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, emphasizing the need for climate-sensitive health strategies in refugee settings.

A collaborative study by researchers from Toyohashi University of Technology and California Institute of Technology (Caltech) introduces a groundbreaking algorithm that maps individual brain activity in a multi-dimensional space. This “neural fingerprint” reveals stable, long-term neural traits that interplay with transient brain states during social interactions. The study demonstrates that individuals whose neural fingerprints are more aligned tend to more readily enter a shared state of deep focus—commonly known as team flow—which has profound implications for enhancing teamwork and performance across various high-stakes environments.

This research revealed that glassware used in manipulation and cultivation of fertilized eggs in the fields of assisted reproductive technology, livestock farming, and basic research leach toxic substances that interfere with development of fertilized eggs (embryos). There have been cases where the embryo development rates have dropped despite the right conditions. A Japanese research team investigated the reason for this and found that zinc eluted from the glassware used for culturing might be one of the causing factors. It is expected that this discovery will lead to the development of safer and more effective in vitro fertilization (IVF) methods.

Translation, or the synthesis of proteins, is a complex process orchestrated by the ribosome. However, translation may be stalled by the interaction of the ribosome with ‘ribosome arrest peptides’ (RAPs). While translation arrest helps regulate downstream gene expression, precise mechanisms underlying RAP activity remain poorly understood. Researchers from Japan have now characterized RAPs from Escherichia coli and uncovered a novel mini-hairpin-shaped nascent peptide that induces translation arrest through a unique mechanism.

An international research team led by Mayukh Kumar Ray, Mingxuan Fu, and Satoru Nakatsuji from the University of Tokyo, along with Collin Broholm from Johns Hopkins University, has discovered the anomalous Hall effect in a collinear antiferromagnet. More strikingly, the anomalous Hall effect emerges from a non-Fermi liquid state, in which electrons do not interact according to conventional models. The discovery not only challenges the textbook framework for interpreting the anomalous Hall effect but also widens the range of antiferromagnets useful for information technologies. The findings were published in the journal Nature Communications.

An Osaka Metropolitan University-led research team conducted a meta-analysis of the diagnostic capabilities of generative AI in the field of medicine using 83 research papers.