Researchers from the National Institute for Physiological Sciences/the Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS)/the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) in Japan have identified a monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-coding gene named bishu-1. It is involved in the thermal responsiveness of cool temperature-sensing neurons by regulating ionotropic receptor expression, thereby maintaining the cool temperature avoidance behaviors in Drosophila larvae.

An international research team led by the Photonic Network Laboratory at the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), and including Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. (Sumitomo Electric) have set a new world record in optical fiber communications, achieving data transmission at 1.02 petabits per second over a distance of 1,808 kilometers (roughly equivalent to the distance from Sapporo to Fukuoka, from Missouri to Montana or from Berlin to Naples). The experiment used a specially designed 19-core optical fiber with a standard 0.125 mm cladding diameter, compatible with existing fiber infrastructure. With a capacity-distance product of 1.86 exabits per second x km—the highest ever recorded—this demonstration marks the fastest long-distance transmission achieved in any optical fiber to date. The result represents a major step forward in developing scalable, high-capacity networks and addressing the world’s growing demand for data.

A standard cladding diameter 19-core optical fiber has been demonstrated to transmit more than 1 petabit per second in the past, but over relatively short distances, well below 1,000 km. The research team has achieved a dramatic extension of the transmission distance by developing a novel 19-core optical fiber also with a standard cladding diameter but with low loss across multiple wavelength bands used in commercial optical fiber transmission systems. In addition, an optical amplification system was developed to support the new optical fiber, which enabled a world record for long-distance high-capacity transmission. The newly developed technology is expected to make a significant contribution to both the expansion of the communication capacity and the long-range extension of optical communication infrastructure in the future, when communication demand increases.

The results of this experiment were accepted as a post-deadline paper presentation at the 48th Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2025) and presented on Thursday, April 3, 2025.

How do we think, feel, remember, or move? It all depends on transmission of chemical signals in the brain, carried and released by molecular containers called vesicles. In a new collaborative study, published in Science Advances, researchers in Japan and Germany have modeled the vesicle cycle in unprecedented detail, revealing new information about the way our brains function.

The paper describes an advanced computational model, which considers the complex interplay of vesicles, their cellular environments, activities and interactions, to predict vesicle behavior under different conditions.

“Technological advances have enabled experimental scientists to capture more and more data. The challenge lies in integrating and interpreting different data types, to understand the complexities of the brain,” said Professor Erik De Schutter, head of the OIST Computational Neuroscience Unit and co-author on this study. “Our model provides better detail of the vesicle cycle, and much faster, than any other systems before. And it’s transferable to different cells and scenarios too. It’s a significant leap forward towards scientific aspirations of full cell and full tissue simulation.”

Chemical grouting is an effective technique to improve soil structure when it is prone to liquefaction risks during earthquakes. Reliable and uniform grout permeation in heterogeneous soil with low-permeability zones is challenging. Researchers from Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan, and Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, have now developed an integrative approach of using Finite Element Method to analyze permeation behavior alongside AI-based permeation prediction, to help engineers improve grouting outcomes in complex soil types.

Scientists created dye-based molecules that self-assemble into ring-shaped structures, mimicking nature’s light-harvesting systems. These stacked rings allow electrons and energy to circulate freely, demonstrating a phenomenon called toroidal conjugation. The work could inspire new materials for solar energy, optoelectronics and next-generation electronic devices.