Researchers from Sun Yat-sen University’s Shenzhen Campus, led by WenYuan Yang and Gege Jianga, have developed a decentralized federated learning framework, DFUN-KDF, to enhance UAV network efficiency. By leveraging federated knowledge distillation, it reduces data transmission by up to 99% while addressing model heterogeneity. A robust filtering mechanism ensures stability by eliminating faulty or malicious data. DFUN-KDF outperforms traditional methods in communication energy efficiency, adaptability, and resilience to node failures and attacks. This scalable solution offers significant potential for large-scale UAV deployments in urban management and logistics.

Accurate and efficient traffic speed prediction is crucial for improving road safety and efficiency. With the emerging deep learning and extensive traffic data, data-driven methods are widely adopted to achieve this task with increasingly complicated structures and progressively deeper layers of neural networks. Despite the design of the models, they aim to optimize the overall average performance without discriminating against different traffic states. However, the fact is that predicting the traffic speed under congestion is normally more important than the one under free flow since the downstream tasks, such as traffic control and optimization, are more interested in congestion rather than free flow. Unfortunately, most of the state-of-the-art (SOTA) models do not differentiate the traffic states during training and evaluation. To this end, we first comprehensively study the performance of the SOTA models under different speed regimes to illustrate the low accuracy of low-speed prediction. We further propose and design a novel Congestion-Aware Sparse Attention transformer (CASAformer) to enhance the prediction performance under low-speed traffic conditions. Specifically, the CASA layer emphasizes the congestion data and reduces the impact of free-flow data. Moreover, we adopt a new congestion adaptive loss function for training to make the model learn more from the congestion data. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets show that our CASAformer outperforms the SOTA models for predicting speed under 40 mph in all prediction horizons.

Dr. Sung Mook Choi and his research team at the Energy & Environmental Materials Research Division of the Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) have successfully developed a highly durable non-precious metal-based hydrogen evolution catalyst for use in a direct electrolysis system employing waste alkaline water and anion exchange membranes (AEM).

Can metal-based nanoparticles generated by lasers help build smarter, more immersive electronics? In the latest issue of International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, Jun-Gyu Choi and collaborators from Ajou University and Samsung Electronics present how laser ablation in liquids enables scalable, surfactant-free nanoparticle synthesis tailored for artificial sensory and neuromorphic devices. Their work marks a breakthrough in bridging material science and intelligent electronics, paving the way for high-performance, flexible, and human-like interfaces in the next wave of extended reality technologies.

Imagine teaching someone to draw complex, scientific diagrams by only describing the picture. That’s the idea behind CoSyn, a new tool from Penn Engineering and the Allen Institute for AI. CoSyn uses AI’s coding skills to generate scientific charts and diagrams, training data that helps open-source models learn to read text-rich, scientific images, from nutrition labels to medical diagrams. The result: open source AI systems that can read complex visuals — and even outperform proprietary models like ChatGPT and Gemini — while using less data and without raising copyright concerns, opening new doors for AI-aided scientific discoveries. 

Four EU projects – AD4GD, B-Cubed, FAIRiCUBE and USAGE –  have explored and documented the requirements for successfully building the GDDS and have published a joint policy brief, presenting a set of recommendations on data harmonisation, semantic interoperability, metadata management, data exchange and governance.