Recombinant variants represent a substantial proportion (56.82%) of the analyzed NADC34-like PRRSV strains. Twelve consistent recombinant patterns (R1-R12) were defined across 176 NADC34-like whole-genome sequences. Recombination hotspots in Chinese strains shifted from structural genes to ORF1a after 2020. Lineage 1.8 is the primary minor parent driving NADC34-like genetic diversification.

The Hetao Irrigation District is an important grain production base in the arid region of northwest China and a key area for the coordinated development of ecological protection and agriculture in the Yellow River Basin. However, strong evaporation, scarce precipitation, and extensive traditional flood irrigation have exposed large areas of cultivated land to the threat of secondary salinization. The dual constraints of water shortage and soil salinization restrict the sustainable development of regional agriculture.

China is the world’s largest pork producer, with annual slaughter volume accounting for more than 40% of the global total. However, manure and slurry management from large-scale pig farming has long been a key bottleneck in green agricultural development. At present, domestic farmland remains highly dependent on mineral fertilizers, and long-term excessive fertilization has led to soil compaction and degradation of ecological functions. Direct field application of slurry also faces the challenges of high ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. How to safely and efficiently return livestock slurry to fields while ensuring crop yield is a barrier that must be overcome to advance the agricultural circular economy and achieve the dual-carbon goals.

Monitoring the growth dynamics of field-grown cabbage is essential for stable vegetable production and precision agriculture. 

The Chinese government has clearly proposed advancing people-centered new-type urbanization, actively and steadily promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and accelerating the construction of a clean energy system.

Agrophotovoltaics (APV), as an innovative model integrating agricultural production with solar photovoltaic power generation, is an important pathway to address the dual pressures of food security and low-carbon energy. As the global energy transition accelerates and agricultural modernization advances, its advantages of “dual land use and food–energy co-production” have become increasingly prominent. It can achieve efficient land use while accommodating clean electricity output and crop growth, aligning with the needs of sustainable development. However, for a long time, traditional models have been constrained by bottlenecks such as imbalanced light distribution, lagging temperature and humidity regulation, inefficient manual operation and maintenance, and data fragmentation, making it difficult to balance energy and agricultural benefits and seriously hindering large-scale promotion.