Researchers have conducted an integrated geochronological and geochemical study of mafic rocks in the Wutai Complex, North China Craton, revealing key insights into the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. The ~2.54 Ga Nb-enriched gabbros originated from a depleted mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-derived melts, while the ~2.08 Ga amphibolites formed from partial melting of a spinel-garnet lherzolite source influenced by both slab-derived fluids and sediment melts. These results indicate a tectonic transition from Late Archean subduction to Paleoproterozoic lithospheric extension, providing compelling evidence that plate tectonics likely initiated at least partly during the latest Neoarchean. (Reference: Asim et al., 2025, Cont. Life Evol., https://doi.org/10.55092/cle20250001)

Severe weather events, such as heavy rainfall, are becoming increasingly commonare on the rise worldwide. Reliable assessments of these events can save lives and protect property. Researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have presented developed a new method that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to convert low-resolution global weather data into high-resolution precipitation maps. The method is fast, efficient, and independent of location. Their findings have been published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01103-y 

How molten carbon crystallizes into either graphite or diamond is relevant to planetary science, materials manufacturing and nuclear fusion research. A new study uses computer simulations to study how molten carbon crystallizes into either graphite or diamond at temperatures and pressures similar to Earth’s interior, challenging the conventional understanding of diamond formation.