A new study offers a framework to estimate the sample size required for microbiome association studies based on expected effect sizes and analysis methods. By utilizing two large datasets involving around 10,000 individuals, the researchers found that 500 individuals may be sufficient to detect associations targeting larger effect sizes or metabolic diseases closely related to lifestyle, while thousands of samples may be needed for smaller effect sizes or multifactorial complex diseases such as psychiatric and autoimmune conditions. This framework guides future studies in human microbiome research.

A mathematical modeling study coordinated by UMC Utrecht has shown that sustained HIV remission (without rebound) or HIV eradication cure scenarios could consistently reduce new HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Netherlands as compared to a scenario without a cure. The investigators anticipate that introduction of either of these cure scenarios could contribute to ending the HIV epidemic among MSM in the Netherlands. In contrast, transient HIV remission with a risk of rebound could increase new infections if rebounds are not closely monitored, and could potentially undermine HIV control efforts.

Just published is the third new study showing that TM is highly effective in reducing stress in a wide array of populations. This meta-analysis included 15 studies with over 1,200 participants from military and civilian backgrounds. Using rigorous meta-analytic methods, the study found a large effect size of 1.01 for TM compared to control groups. An effect size over 0.80 is  considered significant.