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Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have the ability to promote and inhibit pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

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Crosstalk between TAMs and immune cells is the key to an immunosuppressive microenvironment.

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Targeting TAMs for reverse immunosuppression is a future direction of PDAC treatment.

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In patients with stage IVB cervical cancer, the overall survival (OS) rate of patients with high visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR) is significantly higher than those with low VSR.

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A low VSR is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer.

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Visceral obesity before chemoradiotherapy has a protective effect on the prognosis of patients with stage IVB cervical cancer.

Two studies conducted by researchers at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome campus, may pave the way for a new non-surgical treatment for craniosynostosis, a condition characterized by severe craniofacial malformations.Two studies conducted by researchers at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome campus, may pave the way for a new non-surgical treatment for craniosynostosis, a condition characterized by severe craniofacial malformations.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play pivotal roles in cancer from inception through all phases of development.

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EV-mediated signaling profoundly influences the tumor microenvironment (TME), fostering immune evasion.

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EV-based liquid biopsies are promising when biopsy sampling is challenging.

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Engineered EVs show potential for targeting tumors more precisely.

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The lack of an acceptable and reliable guide for selecting in vitro or in vivo brain metastasis models hinders the development of brain metastasis therapies.

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There is an urgent need to employ accurate in vitro and in vivo models to recapitulate the complexities of brain tumor metastasis and to unravel the intricate cellular and physiological processes involved.

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Precise in vitro and in vivo brain metastasis models are crucial for investigating cellular and molecular mechanisms and serve as preclinical platforms to assess novel treatments.

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An array of emerging techniques, such as bio-three-dimensional (3D) printing, novel real-time imaging, artificial intelligence, and precise gene editing, holds promise for redefining the landscape of cancer brain metastasis model development.

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The balance between maximal safe resection and minimal neurological deficits is a challenge in glioblastoma surgery.

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Intraoperative imaging can help surgeons to accurately distinguish tumor tissue from normal brain tissue.

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Intraoperative mapping techniques can be combined with intraoperative imaging for greater efficiency.